Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

ATP and Energy

Organic Chemistry

33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

ATP and Energy

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Multiple Choice

The total ATP produced from one glucose molecule during cellular respiration is often cited as 38. Why is the net ATP yield typically considered to be only 30?

ATP is used to maintain the proton gradient in the mitochondria.

ATP is consumed during the Krebs cycle.

Some ATP is used to transport NADH into the mitochondria.

ATP is lost during the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.

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Verified step by step guidance

Begin by understanding the process of cellular respiration, which includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Each of these stages contributes to the production of ATP.

During glycolysis, glucose is converted into pyruvate, producing a net gain of 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecules. These NADH molecules are important for the electron transport chain.

In the Krebs cycle, acetyl-CoA is oxidized, producing 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 per glucose molecule. These electron carriers are crucial for the next stage.

Oxidative phosphorylation involves the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis, where NADH and FADH2 are used to generate ATP. The theoretical yield is about 34 ATP from NADH and FADH2.

However, the net ATP yield is typically considered to be 30 because some ATP is used to transport NADH from glycolysis into the mitochondria, reducing the total ATP produced. Additionally, other cellular processes may consume ATP, further lowering the net yield.