Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a functional group commonly found in alcohols?
2. Molecular Representations
Functional Groups
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Which property of carbon allows it to form large and complex structures?
A
Presence of a lone pair of electrons
B
Low atomic mass
C
Ability to form four covalent bonds
D
High electronegativity
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that carbon is a unique element in the periodic table due to its ability to form four covalent bonds. This is because carbon has four valence electrons and needs four more electrons to complete its octet, allowing it to form stable bonds with other atoms.
Recognize that the ability to form four covalent bonds enables carbon to create a wide variety of complex structures, including chains, rings, and branches, which are the basis of organic molecules.
Consider the concept of hybridization in carbon, where the 2s and three 2p orbitals mix to form four equivalent sp3 hybrid orbitals. This hybridization allows carbon to form tetrahedral structures, contributing to the diversity of organic compounds.
Note that the presence of a lone pair of electrons is not a characteristic of carbon that contributes to its ability to form large structures. Instead, it is the four covalent bonds that are crucial.
Understand that while low atomic mass and high electronegativity are properties of carbon, they are not the primary reasons for its ability to form large and complex structures. The key property is its tetravalency, or ability to form four covalent bonds.
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