Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

Organic Chemistry

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a functional group commonly found in organic molecules?

Hydroxyl group (-OH)

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Sodium ion (Na+)

Chloride ion (Cl-)

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Verified step by step guidance

Identify the functional groups listed in the options. A functional group is a specific group of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

Examine the hydroxyl group (-OH). This group consists of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and is commonly found in alcohols. It is a polar group and can form hydrogen bonds, affecting the solubility and reactivity of organic molecules.

Consider carbon dioxide (CO2). This is a molecule consisting of one carbon atom double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is not a functional group but rather a small molecule often involved in respiration and photosynthesis.

Evaluate the sodium ion (Na+). This is a positively charged ion, not a functional group. It is typically involved in ionic compounds and does not participate in the covalent bonding characteristic of organic molecules.

Assess the chloride ion (Cl-). This is a negatively charged ion, similar to the sodium ion, and is not considered a functional group in organic chemistry. It is often found in ionic compounds.