Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

28. Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides - Common Structures

Organic Chemistry

28. Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides - Common Structures

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Multiple Choice

What is structurally different about cellulose when compared to starch?

Cellulose is composed of glucose and fructose, while starch is composed only of glucose.

Cellulose contains alpha-1,6-glycosidic linkages, while starch contains beta-1,6-glycosidic linkages.

Cellulose has beta-1,4-glycosidic linkages, while starch has alpha-1,4-glycosidic linkages.

Cellulose is a branched polymer, while starch is a linear polymer.

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Verified step by step guidance

Begin by understanding the basic building blocks of both cellulose and starch. Both are polysaccharides composed of glucose units, but they differ in the type of glycosidic linkages between these units.

Examine the glycosidic linkages: Cellulose is characterized by beta-1,4-glycosidic linkages. This means that the glucose units are connected through beta linkages at the 1st and 4th carbon atoms.

Contrast this with starch, which primarily consists of alpha-1,4-glycosidic linkages. In starch, the glucose units are connected through alpha linkages at the 1st and 4th carbon atoms.

Consider the structural implications of these linkages: Beta linkages in cellulose result in a straight, rigid structure, which is why cellulose forms strong fibers. Alpha linkages in starch result in a more flexible structure, allowing it to be more easily digestible.

Finally, note that cellulose is a linear polymer due to its beta linkages, whereas starch can be both linear and branched (as in amylopectin) due to its alpha linkages.