Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect

1H NMR:Number of Signals

Organic Chemistry

15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect

1H NMR:Number of Signals

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1:39 minutes

Problem 16

Textbook Question

How many sets of equivalent hydrogens are present in the molecule that resulted in this NMR spectrum? [Recall that some signals can be split into multiple peaks—they are still just one signal.]
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Verified step by step guidance

Identify the molecular structure of the compound in question. This is crucial as the arrangement of atoms will determine the equivalence of hydrogen atoms.

Examine the symmetry of the molecule. Symmetrical molecules often have sets of equivalent hydrogens due to their identical chemical environments.

Look for groups of hydrogens that are in the same chemical environment. Hydrogens in the same environment will produce the same NMR signal.

Consider the presence of any functional groups or substituents that might affect the chemical environment of the hydrogens, leading to different sets of equivalent hydrogens.

Count the distinct sets of equivalent hydrogens based on the analysis of the chemical environments. Each set corresponds to a unique signal in the NMR spectrum, regardless of splitting patterns.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Equivalent Hydrogens

Equivalent hydrogens in a molecule are those that are in identical chemical environments, leading them to produce the same signal in an NMR spectrum. These hydrogens are indistinguishable by NMR and contribute to the same peak or set of peaks. Identifying equivalent hydrogens is crucial for interpreting NMR spectra and understanding molecular symmetry.

Chemical Shift

Chemical shift refers to the position of an NMR signal along the spectrum, measured in parts per million (ppm). It provides information about the electronic environment surrounding the nuclei, influenced by factors such as electronegativity and hybridization. Understanding chemical shifts helps in identifying the types of hydrogens present and their relative positions in the molecule.

Spin-Spin Splitting

Spin-spin splitting occurs when non-equivalent hydrogens on adjacent atoms influence each other's magnetic environments, causing a single NMR signal to split into multiple peaks. The number of peaks follows the n+1 rule, where n is the number of neighboring hydrogens. Recognizing splitting patterns aids in determining the connectivity and arrangement of atoms within a molecule.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

How many sets of equivalent hydrogens are in each molecule shown?

(c)

Textbook Question

How many unique ¹H NMR signals would you expect in an NMR spectrum for the following molecules?

(a)

Textbook Question

How many unique ¹H NMR signals would you expect in an NMR spectrum for the following molecules?

(b)

Textbook Question

How many unique ¹H NMR signals would you expect in an NMR spectrum for the following molecules?

(c)

Textbook Question

Without worrying about the relative location of the signals (i.e., the chemical shift) or the splitting patterns, draw a spectrum of the following molecule. Be sure to label each signal based on the set of equivalent hydrogens to which it corresponds.

Textbook Question

Replace Hₐ and H₆ in hexane with a deuterium. What is the relationship between the two products you obtain? Based on this, would you expect the two hydrogens to give one or two signals in the ¹H NMR spectrum?

Textbook Question

How many distinct signals would you expect to see in the ¹H NMR spectrum of the following molecules? [Ignore diastereotopic hydrogens for the sake of this assessment.]

(a)

Textbook Question

How many distinct signals would you expect to see in the ¹H NMR spectrum of the following molecules? [Ignore diastereotopic hydrogens for the sake of this assessment.]

(b)

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How many sets of equivalent hydrogens are present in the molecule that resulted in this NMR spectrum? [Recall that some signals can be split into multiple peaks—they are still just one signal.]<IMAGE>

Key Concepts

Equivalent Hydrogens

Chemical Shift

Spin-Spin Splitting

Watch next

How many sets of equivalent hydrogens are present in the molecule that resulted in this NMR spectrum? [Recall that some signals can be split into multiple peaks—they are still just one signal.]
<IMAGE>