Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect

Mass Spectrometry

Organic Chemistry

15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect

Mass Spectrometry

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2:40 minutes

Problem 6b

Textbook Question

Can one of the possible molecular formulas contain a nitrogen atom?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Recall the general rules for determining molecular formulas. A molecular formula represents the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule. It must satisfy the rules of valency and the octet rule for all atoms involved.

Step 2: Consider the presence of nitrogen in a molecule. Nitrogen typically forms three covalent bonds and has one lone pair of electrons, following its valency of 3. This is important when determining if a molecular formula can include nitrogen.

Step 3: Analyze the molecular formula in question (if provided) or the context of the problem. Check if the inclusion of nitrogen would allow the molecule to satisfy the octet rule for all atoms and maintain a valid structure.

Step 4: Verify the molecular formula's consistency with the rules of stoichiometry and the presence of nitrogen. For example, if the molecular formula includes nitrogen, ensure that the total number of bonds and atoms aligns with the expected structure.

Step 5: Conclude whether a nitrogen atom can be included in the molecular formula based on the above analysis. If the molecular formula can accommodate nitrogen while satisfying all chemical rules, then it is possible for nitrogen to be part of the molecule.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Molecular Formula

A molecular formula represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule. It is expressed using chemical symbols and subscripts, indicating how many of each atom are present. Understanding molecular formulas is crucial for determining the composition of a compound and predicting its properties.

Nitrogen in Organic Compounds

Nitrogen is a common element in organic chemistry, often found in amines, amides, and other functional groups. Its presence can significantly affect the reactivity and properties of organic molecules. Recognizing how nitrogen can be incorporated into molecular formulas is essential for understanding the diversity of organic compounds.

Valency and Bonding

Valency refers to the ability of an atom to bond with other atoms, determined by the number of electrons in its outer shell. Nitrogen typically has a valency of three, allowing it to form three covalent bonds. This concept is fundamental for constructing molecular formulas and understanding how different atoms, including nitrogen, can combine in organic molecules.

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Textbook Question

The IR and mass spectra for three different compounds are shown below. Identify each compound.

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Multiple Choice

What is an advantage of using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in analytical chemistry?

Multiple Choice

How does mass spectrometry work?

Textbook Question

Identify the hydrocarbon that has a molecular ion with an m/z value of 128, a base peak with an m/z value of 43, and significant peaks with m/z values of 57, 71, and 85.

Textbook Question

Suggest possible molecular formulas for a compound that has a molecular ion with an m/z value of 86.

Textbook Question

Determine the molecular formula for each of the following:

b. a compound that contains C, H, and one O and has a molecular ion with an m/z value of 100

Textbook Question

Suppose we have some optically pure (R)-2-butyl acetate that has been 'labeled' with the heavy ¹⁸O isotope at one oxygen atom as shown.

Textbook Question

What is the most likely m/z value for the base peak in the mass spectrum of 3-methylpentane?

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