Complete the following equations (hint: remember that a nitrogen with three groups bound to it has a lone pair and one with four does not; see Worked Examples 16.4 and 16.5 for help):
a. <IMAGE>

Write an equation for the acid-base equilibrium of:

a.Pyrrolidine and water

Label each species in the equilibrium as either an acid or a base.

Explain what bonds must be made or broken and where the electrons go when the hydrogen-bonded water between the two amines shown on page 507 reacts to form an amine, ammonium ion, and OH⁻.

Complete the following equations: 

b. <IMAGE>

Draw the structures of the ammonium ions formed when the amines in Problem 16.30 are treated with acid.

Complete the following equations. (Hint: Remember that a nitrogen with three groups bound to it has a lone pair and one with four does not; see Worked Examples 16.4 and 16.5 for help.)

a. <IMAGE>

Choline has the following structure. Do you think that this substance reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid? If so, what is the product? If not, why not? <IMAGE>

Complete the following equations (Hint: Answers may include concepts learned from previous organic chapters):

a. <IMAGE>

Complete the following equations (Hint: Answers may include concepts learned from previous organic chapters):

c. <IMAGE>