Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Electron Transport Chain

GOB Chemistry

21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Electron Transport Chain

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Multiple Choice

Protons are pumped into the intermembrane space due to:

Energy provided by the electrons as they pass through complexes I, III & IV.

Decreasing of the pH in the intermembrane space.

CoQ pumping electrons through the complexes.

Formation of water from final electron acceptor.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the context: This problem is related to the electron transport chain in cellular respiration, specifically the process of oxidative phosphorylation.

Identify the role of protons: In the electron transport chain, protons (H⁺ ions) are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient.

Recognize the source of energy: The energy required to pump protons across the membrane is provided by electrons as they move through complexes I, III, and IV of the electron transport chain.

Consider the effect on pH: As protons accumulate in the intermembrane space, the pH decreases due to increased acidity, which is a consequence of the proton gradient.

Clarify the role of CoQ and water formation: Coenzyme Q (CoQ) transfers electrons between complexes but does not directly pump protons. Water formation occurs when electrons are finally accepted by oxygen, but this is not directly related to proton pumping.