Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Oxidative Phosphorylation

GOB Chemistry

21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Oxidative Phosphorylation

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Multiple Choice

Chemiosmotic creation of ATP is driven by which?

ATP Synthase complex.

Oxidative phosphorylation of ADP.

Large quantities of ADP in the mitochondrial matrix.

Potential energy of H⁺ ion concentration gradient created by ETC.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of chemiosmosis: It is the process by which ATP is produced in the mitochondria using the energy stored in a proton (H+) gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Recognize the role of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC): The ETC is responsible for creating a proton gradient by pumping H+ ions from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, using energy from electron transfers.

Identify the potential energy source: The concentration gradient of H+ ions across the membrane represents potential energy, as there is a higher concentration of protons in the intermembrane space compared to the matrix.

Connect the gradient to ATP synthesis: The potential energy from the H+ gradient is used by ATP synthase, a protein complex, to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) into ATP as protons flow back into the matrix through ATP synthase.

Conclude the driving force: The chemiosmotic creation of ATP is driven by the potential energy of the H+ ion concentration gradient created by the ETC, not directly by ATP synthase or the presence of ADP.