8. Quantities in Chemical Reactions

Limiting Reagent

Multiple Choice
Acrylonitrile (C₃H₃N) is the starting material for many synthetic carpets and fabrics. It is produced by the following reaction:
2 C₃H₆ (g) + 2 NH₃ (g) + 3 O₂ (g) → 2 C₃H₃N (g) + 6 H₂O (g)
If 12.0 g C₃H₆, 10.0 g NH₃, and 5.0 g O₂ react, what mass of acrylonitrile can be produced, assuming 100% yield?
Multiple Choice
The reaction between solid aluminum and iron (III) chloride can generate temperatures reaching 3000 ºC and is used in welding metals.
2 Al + Fe₂O₃ → Al₂O₃ + 2 Fe
If 150 g of Al are reacted with 432 g of Fe₂O₃, what is the mass of the excess reactant remaining?
Open Question
Consider the balanced chemical equation: 2A + B2 → 2AB. Given the following reaction vessel, determine the theoretical yield of product.
Open Question
In Problem 6.40, hydrazine reacted with oxygen according to the following (unbalanced) equation:N2H4(l) + O2(g) → NO2(g) + H2O(g)If 75.0 kg of hydrazine are reacted with 75.0 kg of oxygen, which is the limiting reagent?
Open Question
Nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2) is used in small quantities as a flavoring agent or in perfumes but can be toxic in large amounts. It is produced by reaction of benzene (C6H6) with nitric acid:C6H6(l) + HNO3(aq) → C6H5NO2(l) + H2O(l)Identify the limiting reagent in the reaction of 27.5 g of nitric acid with 75 g of benzene.
Open Question
Nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2) is used in small quantities as a flavoring agent or in perfumes but can be toxic in large amounts. It is produced by reaction of benzene (C6H6) with nitric acid:C6H6(l) + HNO3(aq) → C6H5NO2(l) + H2O(l)Calculate the theoretical yield for this reaction.
Open Question
Acetylsalicylic acid, the active ingredient in aspirin, is prepared from salicylic acid by reaction with acetic anhydride.C7H6O3 (salicylic acid) + C4H6O3 (acetic anhydride) → C9H8O4 (acetylsalicylic acid) + C2H4O2 (acetic acid)Calculate the theoretical yield if 47 g of salicylic acid is reacted with 25 g of acetic anhydride.