Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

12. Biosignaling

PSP Secondary Messengers & PKC

Biochemistry

12. Biosignaling

PSP Secondary Messengers & PKC

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about calmodulin is TRUE?

Calmodulin causes the release of Ca²⁺ ions from the endoplasmic reticulum.

When associated with Ca²⁺, calmodulin is deactivated and unable to affect the activity of its targets.

In the presence of Ca²⁺, calmodulin binds to and activates CaM-dependent protein kinases.

Calmodulin binds to and activates Protein Kinase C (PKC) when active.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of calmodulin: Calmodulin is a calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells. It plays a crucial role in calcium signaling by binding to calcium ions (Ca2+) and then interacting with various target proteins to regulate their activity.

Examine the statement about calmodulin causing the release of Ca2+ ions from the endoplasmic reticulum: Calmodulin itself does not directly cause the release of Ca2+ ions from the endoplasmic reticulum. Instead, it acts as a sensor and effector once Ca2+ is present in the cytoplasm.

Consider the statement about calmodulin being deactivated when associated with Ca2+: This is incorrect. Calmodulin is activated upon binding with Ca2+, which allows it to interact with and regulate various target proteins, including kinases.

Evaluate the statement about calmodulin binding to and activating CaM-dependent protein kinases: This statement is true. In the presence of Ca2+, calmodulin undergoes a conformational change that enables it to bind to and activate CaM-dependent protein kinases, which are involved in various signaling pathways.

Assess the statement about calmodulin activating Protein Kinase C (PKC): Calmodulin does not directly activate PKC. PKC is activated by diacylglycerol (DAG) and Ca2+, but calmodulin primarily interacts with CaM-dependent protein kinases rather than PKC.