Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

4. Protein Structure

Anfinsen Experiment

Biochemistry

4. Protein Structure

Anfinsen Experiment

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Multiple Choice

What is likely to happen to Ribonuclease A if it is treated with both urea & β-mercaptoethanol?

RNase A will denature and oxidize its disulfides to generate sulfhydryl groups.

RNase A renatures but disulfide bonds are formed randomly between Cys residues.

RNase A will denature and reduce its disulfides to generate sulfhydryl groups.

RNase A will denature and oxidize its sulfhydryl groups to generate disulfides.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of Ribonuclease A (RNase A): It is an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of RNA into smaller components. It has a specific three-dimensional structure stabilized by disulfide bonds.

Identify the effects of urea: Urea is a chaotropic agent that disrupts hydrogen bonds and non-covalent interactions, leading to the denaturation of proteins by unfolding their secondary and tertiary structures.

Identify the effects of β-mercaptoethanol: This is a reducing agent that specifically targets disulfide bonds, breaking them into free sulfhydryl (thiol) groups, which are the reduced form of cysteine residues.

Combine the effects of both agents: When RNase A is treated with both urea and β-mercaptoethanol, the urea will denature the protein by disrupting its non-covalent interactions, while β-mercaptoethanol will reduce the disulfide bonds, converting them into sulfhydryl groups.

Conclude the outcome: The combined treatment results in the denaturation of RNase A and the reduction of its disulfide bonds, generating free sulfhydryl groups, which is consistent with the correct answer provided.