Multiple Choice
Which of the following is false concerning H2O molecules in the hydration shell around nonpolar substances?
2. Water
Hydrophobic Effect
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Which of the following best explains the hydrophobic effect?
A
Hydrophobic substances have a strong net affinity for each other.
B
Hydrophilic substances increase local entropy upon clumping.
C
Hydrophobic substances clump due to their strong intermolecular forces.
D
Hydrophobic substances increase universal entropy when they clump.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of the hydrophobic effect: It refers to the tendency of nonpolar substances to aggregate in aqueous solutions and exclude water molecules.
Recognize that hydrophobic substances do not have a strong affinity for each other due to intermolecular forces, but rather they minimize their contact with water.
Consider the role of entropy: When hydrophobic molecules aggregate, they reduce the surface area exposed to water, which increases the entropy of the surrounding water molecules.
Differentiate between local and universal entropy: The clumping of hydrophobic substances increases the overall entropy of the system, not just locally.
Conclude that the hydrophobic effect is driven by the increase in universal entropy when hydrophobic substances clump together, as water molecules gain more freedom and disorder.
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