Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

9. Carbohydrates

Stereochemistry of Monosaccharides

Biochemistry

9. Carbohydrates

Stereochemistry of Monosaccharides

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Multiple Choice

Use the Fischer projections of the four monosaccharides below to answer the next two problems (A & B).

A) The term that best describes the relationship of all four sugars to each other is:
a) Diastereomers.
b) Enantiomers.
c) Epimers.

Diastereomers

Enantiomers

Epimers

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Verified step by step guidance

Identify the configuration of each chiral center in the Fischer projections of the four monosaccharides. This involves looking at the orientation of the hydroxyl (OH) groups on each carbon atom.

Compare the configurations of the chiral centers between each pair of sugars. Determine if they are mirror images (enantiomers) or if they differ at one or more chiral centers (diastereomers or epimers).

Recall that enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images and have opposite configurations at all chiral centers. Diastereomers are not mirror images and differ at one or more chiral centers. Epimers differ at only one chiral center.

Examine the highlighted chiral centers in the image. Notice that the sugars differ at more than one chiral center, which suggests they are not enantiomers or epimers.

Conclude that the relationship between the four sugars is best described as diastereomers, as they differ at multiple chiral centers but are not mirror images of each other.