Textbook Question
Draw a structure for a compound that meets each of the following descriptions:
b. An aldehyde with four carbons
Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of GOBISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
Chapter 15, Problem 26a
Draw a structure for a compound that meets each of the following descriptions:
a. A 6-carbon cyclic ketone with a methyl group on the beta carbon
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the problem. A 6-carbon cyclic ketone means the compound has a ring structure with 6 carbons, and one of the carbons in the ring is part of a ketone functional group (C=O).
Step 2: Identify the beta carbon. In organic chemistry, the beta carbon is the second carbon away from the functional group. For a ketone, the carbonyl carbon (C=O) is the reference point, and the beta carbon is two carbons away from it.
Step 3: Add a methyl group to the beta carbon. A methyl group is a -CH₃ group. Attach this group to one of the beta carbons in the ring structure.
Step 4: Ensure the structure satisfies all requirements. Verify that the compound has a total of 6 carbons in the ring, includes a ketone functional group, and has a methyl group on the beta carbon.
Step 5: Draw the structure. Represent the 6-carbon cyclic ketone with the ketone group (C=O) and the methyl group (-CH₃) attached to the beta carbon. Use proper bond-line notation to depict the structure clearly.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Cyclic Ketones
Cyclic ketones are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (C=O) within a ring structure. In these compounds, the carbonyl carbon is bonded to two other carbon atoms, forming a closed loop. The properties and reactivity of cyclic ketones can differ significantly from their acyclic counterparts due to the strain and sterics introduced by the ring structure.
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Cyclic Hemiacetals Concept 2
Beta Carbon
In organic chemistry, the beta carbon refers to the second carbon atom in a carbon chain or ring, relative to a functional group, such as a carbonyl. In the context of cyclic ketones, identifying the beta carbon is crucial for substituent placement, as it determines where additional groups, like a methyl group, can be attached while maintaining the compound's structural integrity.
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Structural Representation
Structural representation in chemistry involves depicting the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, including bonds and functional groups. This can be done through various methods, such as Lewis structures, skeletal formulas, or 3D models. Accurate structural representation is essential for understanding the compound's properties, reactivity, and potential interactions with other molecules.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
The carbonyl group can be reduced by addition of a hydride ion (H–) and (H+) a proton. Removal of H– and H+ from an alcohol results in a carbonyl group.
b. In the reaction, indicate which direction represents reduction and which represents oxidation.
Textbook Question
A fundamental difference between aldehydes and ketones is that one can be oxidized to carboxylic acids but the other cannot. Which is which? Give an example of a test to differentiate aldehydes from ketones.
Textbook Question
Glucose is the major sugar in mammalian blood. We often see it represented as either the "free aldehyde" or the cyclic hemiacetal forms shown here. Of the two forms of glucose, the cyclic hemiacetal is the preferred form found in blood. Can you suggest two reasons why?
Textbook Question
Draw a structure for a compound that meets each of the following descriptions:
c. An alpha-bromoaldehyde, C4H7BrO
Textbook Question
Draw a structure for a compound that meets each of the following descriptions:
b. An 8-carbon ketone with six carbons as its longest chain