Textbook Question
Draw a structure for a compound that meets each of the following descriptions:
d. A cyclic alpha-hydroxyketone, C5H8O2
Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of GOBISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
Chapter 15, Problem 28f
Indicate which compounds contain aldehyde or ketone carbonyl groups.
f. 
Verified step by step guidance1
Examine the structure of each compound in the image provided. Look for the presence of a carbonyl group, which is a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O).
Determine the type of carbonyl group present in each compound. An aldehyde contains a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom, while a ketone contains a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms.
For aldehydes, identify if the carbonyl group is located at the end of the carbon chain. This is a key characteristic of aldehydes.
For ketones, check if the carbonyl group is located within the carbon chain, bonded to two other carbon atoms. This is a defining feature of ketones.
Classify each compound based on the observations: label it as containing an aldehyde group, a ketone group, or neither, depending on the structural analysis.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Carbonyl Group
The carbonyl group is a functional group characterized by a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O). It is a key feature in organic chemistry, found in various compounds, including aldehydes and ketones. The reactivity and properties of compounds containing carbonyl groups are influenced by the nature of the surrounding atoms or groups.
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Functional Groups with Carbonyls Example 3
Aldehydes
Aldehydes are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. They are typically represented by the general formula RCHO, where R is a hydrocarbon group. Aldehydes are known for their distinctive odors and are commonly used in the production of various chemicals and as flavoring agents.
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0:34Naming Aldehydes Example 2
Ketones
Ketones are organic compounds that feature a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms, represented by the general formula RC(=O)R'. Unlike aldehydes, ketones do not have hydrogen directly attached to the carbonyl carbon. They are important in various chemical reactions and are widely used as solvents and in the synthesis of other organic compounds.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Indicate which compounds contain aldehyde or ketone carbonyl groups.
a.
Textbook Question
Indicate which compounds contain aldehyde or ketone carbonyl groups.
c. CH3CH2–O–CH2–CHO
Textbook Question
Redraw each of the following in line structure format. Indicate which compounds have an aldehyde carbonyl group, a ketone carbonyl group, or neither.
c.
Textbook Question
Redraw each of the following in line structure format. Indicate which compounds have an aldehyde carbonyl group, a ketone carbonyl group, or neither.
e. CH3CH2COCH2CH3
Textbook Question
Draw structures corresponding to the following aldehyde and ketone names:
a. 3-Methylpentanal