Textbook Question
Fumaric acid is a metabolic intermediate that has the systematic name trans-2-butenedioic acid. Draw its structure.
Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of GOBISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
Chapter 17, Problem 55b
Give systematic names for the following structures and structures for the names:
b. Ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the functional groups in the compound. In 'Ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate', the name indicates the presence of an ester group (ethyl group attached to the oxygen of the ester) and a hydroxyl (-OH) group on the second carbon of the propanoate chain.
Break down the name systematically: 'Ethyl' refers to the alkyl group attached to the oxygen atom of the ester. '2-hydroxy' indicates a hydroxyl group (-OH) on the second carbon of the main chain. 'Propanoate' refers to the three-carbon chain with a carboxylate group (COO-).
Draw the structure step by step: Start with the propanoate backbone (a three-carbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end). Add the hydroxyl group (-OH) to the second carbon of the chain.
Attach the ethyl group (CH3CH2-) to the oxygen atom of the ester group. This completes the ester functional group.
Verify the structure by ensuring that all atoms have the correct number of bonds and that the name matches the structure. The final structure should have the ester group, the hydroxyl group on the second carbon, and the ethyl group attached to the oxygen.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Systematic Naming in Organic Chemistry
Systematic naming, or IUPAC nomenclature, is a standardized method for naming chemical compounds. It provides a unique name that reflects the structure of the molecule, allowing chemists to communicate clearly about specific compounds. The name typically includes information about the type of functional groups present, the length of the carbon chain, and the position of substituents.
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Introduction to Organic Chemistry Concept 1
Functional Groups
Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the case of ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate, the functional groups include the ester group (from the ethyl and propanoate parts) and the hydroxyl group (from the '2-hydroxy' part), which influences the compound's reactivity and properties.
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Structural Representation of Compounds
Structural representation involves depicting the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, which can be done through various formats such as Lewis structures, condensed formulas, or skeletal structures. For ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate, understanding its structure helps in visualizing how the functional groups are arranged and how they interact, which is crucial for predicting its chemical behavior.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
What is the formula for the diammonium salt of fumaric acid?
Textbook Question
Give systematic names for the following structures and structures for the names:
d. Phenyl-o-hydroxybenzoate
Textbook Question
Give systematic names for the following structures and structures for the names:
c.
Textbook Question
Draw structures of the carboxylic acids and alcohols you would use to prepare each ester in Problem 17.54.
a.
b.
c. Cyclohexyl acetate
d. Phenyl-o-hydroxybenzoate
Textbook Question
Give systematic names for the following structures and structures for the names:
c. N-Ethyl-N-methylbenzamide