Table of contents

1. The Chemical World9m
- The Scientific Method
  9m
2. Measurement and Problem Solving2h 19m
3. Matter and Energy2h 15m
4. Atoms and Elements2h 33m
5. Molecules and Compounds1h 50m
6. Chemical Composition1h 23m
7. Chemical Reactions1h 43m
8. Quantities in Chemical Reactions1h 8m
9. Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table2h 32m
10. Chemical Bonding2h 10m
11 Gases2h 7m
12. Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces1h 11m
13. Solutions3h 1m
14. Acids and Bases2h 14m
15. Chemical Equilibrium1h 27m
16. Oxidation and Reduction1h 33m
17. Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry53m

9. Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table

Periodic Trend: Ionization Energy (Simplified)

Introduction to Chemistry

9. Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table

Periodic Trend: Ionization Energy (Simplified)

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following has the highest ionization energy?

Na⁺

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of ionization energy: Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion in its gaseous state. Generally, ionization energy increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group in the periodic table.

Identify the position of each element or ion in the periodic table: Ar (argon) and Kr (krypton) are noble gases, Na (sodium) and Na+ (sodium ion) are in Group 1, and Mg (magnesium) is in Group 2.

Consider the electron configuration: Noble gases like Ar and Kr have full outer electron shells, making them very stable and requiring more energy to remove an electron. Na+ has a full outer shell due to losing one electron, making it more stable than Na.

Compare the ionization energies: Noble gases typically have high ionization energies due to their full valence shells. Na+ has a higher ionization energy than Na because it is already positively charged and losing another electron would require more energy.

Determine the highest ionization energy: Among the given options, Ar and Kr are noble gases with high ionization energies, but Ar is higher in the periodic table than Kr, generally indicating a higher ionization energy. Na+ also has a high ionization energy due to its positive charge and full outer shell.