Textbook Question
Draw the structure of the sphingomyelin that contains a myristic acid acyl group. Identify the hydrophilic head group and the hydrophobic tails in this molecule.
Ch.23 Lipids
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of GOBISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
Chapter 23, Problem 16e
Which of the following terms apply to the compound shown below? (Hint: Look at the functional groups and the bonds involved to begin analyzing the compound part by part in comparison to the lipids discussed in this chapter.)
e. A lipid
Verified step by step guidance1
Examine the structure of the compound in the image provided. Identify the key functional groups present, such as hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), ester (-COOR), or long hydrocarbon chains, as these are common in lipids.
Determine if the compound contains long hydrophobic (nonpolar) hydrocarbon chains, which are characteristic of lipids like fatty acids, triglycerides, or phospholipids.
Check for the presence of ester bonds (-COOR), which are typically found in triglycerides and phospholipids, formed by the reaction of fatty acids with glycerol or other alcohols.
Analyze whether the compound has a polar head group and nonpolar tail regions, a structural feature of amphipathic lipids such as phospholipids.
Compare the identified features of the compound to the general characteristics of lipids discussed in the chapter to determine if the term 'lipid' applies to the compound.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Functional Groups
Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the context of lipids, common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and phosphate (-PO4). Identifying these groups helps in determining the properties and classification of the compound.
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Functional Group Priorities Concept 1
Lipids
Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic organic compounds, including fats, oils, and phospholipids, that are primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen. They play crucial roles in biological systems, such as energy storage, membrane structure, and signaling. Understanding the structure and function of lipids is essential for analyzing compounds in relation to biological processes.
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1:28Intro to Lipids Example 1
Chemical Bonds
Chemical bonds, including covalent and ionic bonds, are the forces that hold atoms together in a molecule. The type and arrangement of these bonds influence the stability and reactivity of the compound. In the analysis of lipids, recognizing the types of bonds present can help determine the compound's classification and its interactions with other biological molecules.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Draw the structure of the glycerophospholipid that contains a stearic acid acyl group, an oleic acid acyl group, and a phosphate bonded to ethanolamine.
Textbook Question
Which of the following terms apply to the compound shown below? (Hint: Look at the functional groups and the bonds involved to begin analyzing the compound part by part in comparison to the lipids discussed in this chapter.)
a. A phospholipid
Textbook Question
As noted earlier (Section 22.3), he first step in glycolysis, which occurs within cells, is phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate. Why does this step prevent passive diffusion of glucose back out of the cell?
Textbook Question
Complete hydrogenation of triacylglycerol C in Problem 23.20 yields a triacylglycerol of what fatty acid composition? Would the hydrogenation product of triacylglycerol C be more like the hydrogenation product of triacylglycerol A or B? Explain.
Textbook Question
A membrane lipid was isolated and completely hydrolyzed. The following products were detected: ethanolamine, phosphate, glycerol, palmitic acid, and oleic acid. Propose a structure for this membrane lipid, and name the family to which it belongs.