Textbook Question
What atom in the cytochromes undergoes oxidation and reduction in the electron-transport chain? What atoms in coenzyme Q undergo oxidation and reduction in the electron-transport chain?
Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of GOBISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
Chapter 21, Problem 64c
What do the following abbreviations stand for?
c. NADH/H+
Verified step by step guidance1
NADH/H⁺ stands for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in its reduced form (NADH) along with a proton (H⁺).
NADH is a coenzyme that plays a critical role in redox reactions, acting as an electron carrier in metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
The 'H⁺' indicates that the molecule is associated with a proton, which is often involved in the transfer of electrons and protons during biochemical reactions.
NAD⁺ (oxidized form) accepts two electrons and one proton to become NADH (reduced form), which can then donate these electrons in subsequent reactions.
This process is essential for energy production in cells, as NADH is used to generate ATP in the electron transport chain.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
NADH
NADH stands for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (reduced form). It is a coenzyme found in all living cells, playing a crucial role in metabolic processes, particularly in cellular respiration. NADH acts as an electron carrier, transferring electrons from one reaction to another, which is essential for the production of ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
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H⁺
H⁺ represents a hydrogen ion, which is a proton that has lost its electron. In biochemical contexts, H⁺ ions are important for maintaining pH balance and are involved in various metabolic processes, including the electron transport chain. The concentration of H⁺ ions can influence enzyme activity and energy production in cells.
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Redox Reactions
Redox reactions, short for reduction-oxidation reactions, are chemical processes that involve the transfer of electrons between two substances. In these reactions, one substance is oxidized (loses electrons) while the other is reduced (gains electrons). NADH plays a key role in redox reactions by accepting electrons during metabolic processes, thus facilitating energy production in cells.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
What two coenzymes are involved with initial events of the electron-transport chain?
Textbook Question
What are the ultimate products of the electron-transport chain?
Textbook Question
What do the following abbreviations stand for?
b. CoQ
Textbook Question
What would happen to the citric acid cycle if NADH and FADH2 were not reoxidized?
Textbook Question
What does the term “oxidative phosphorylation” mean? What is substrate-level phosphorylation? Are these processes the same? Explain.