Textbook Question
Draw an example of a saturated four carbon compound and an unsaturated four carbon compound.
Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of GOBISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
Chapter 13, Problem 30a
What do the terms saturated and unsaturated mean?
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that the terms 'saturated' and 'unsaturated' are used to describe the types of bonds in organic molecules, particularly hydrocarbons.
Recognize that a 'saturated' hydrocarbon contains only single bonds between carbon atoms. This means each carbon atom is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible, following the general formula C_nH_{2n+2} for alkanes.
Identify that an 'unsaturated' hydrocarbon contains one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms. This reduces the number of hydrogen atoms in the molecule compared to a saturated hydrocarbon.
Note that unsaturated hydrocarbons can be further classified into alkenes, which have at least one double bond (C=C), and alkynes, which have at least one triple bond (C≡C).
Remember that the presence of double or triple bonds in unsaturated hydrocarbons affects their chemical reactivity and physical properties, such as boiling and melting points.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Saturated Compounds
Saturated compounds are organic molecules that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. This means that each carbon atom is bonded to the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible, resulting in a structure that is 'saturated' with hydrogen. Common examples include alkanes, such as ethane and propane, which are typically found in fuels and fats.
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Unsaturated Compounds
Unsaturated compounds contain one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms, which means they do not hold the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. This results in a more reactive structure compared to saturated compounds. Examples include alkenes, like ethylene, and alkynes, like acetylene, which are important in various chemical reactions and industrial applications.
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Hydrocarbon Structure
The structure of hydrocarbons, which are compounds made solely of carbon and hydrogen, is fundamental to understanding saturation. Hydrocarbons can be classified as either saturated or unsaturated based on the types of bonds present. This classification affects their physical properties, reactivity, and roles in biological systems, making it essential for fields like organic chemistry and biochemistry.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Draw the product from reaction of the following substances with (1) Br2 and FeBr3 and (2) SO3 and H2SO4 catalyst (red=O):
(a) <IMAGE>
(b) <IMAGE>
Textbook Question
Reaction of Br2 and FeBr3 with phenol can lead to three possible substitution products. Show the structure of each and name them.
Textbook Question
Alkynes undergo hydrogenation to give alkanes, just as alkenes do. Draw and name the products that would result from hydrogenation of the alkynes shown in Problem 13.25.
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Textbook Question
What does the term 'aromatic' refer to when discussing organic molecules?
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Textbook Question
What is resonance and why is it important in aromatic compounds?