49. Animal Behavior

The enhanced reproduction, through apparently altruistic behavior, of related individuals with common alleles is referred to as __________.

Altruistic behaviors can be understood, in part, by considering the coefficient of relatedness (r) between the individuals involved. Assume that an individual mammal has the option to raise its own offspring, other genetic relatives, or a combination of offspring and other genetic relatives. From a genetic point of view, which of the following represents the least successful option?

The coefficient of relatedness between two brothers is __________.

Which of the following statements best defines an altruistic act?

Altruistic behavior __________.

Male prairie voles are monogamous. They are attentive to young and aggressive toward intruders. This appears to be related to __________.

A blackcap warbler from a captive migratory population is mated with another blackcap warbler from a captive nonmigratory population. The lab-reared offspring exhibit a modest amount of migratory restlessness. This behavior, which is intermediate between that of the two parents, could be interpreted as evidence for which of the following statements?

When Drosophila were exposed to a particular odor and electric shock at the same time, they started to avoid the odor. This is an example of __________.

One way to determine whether food preferences have a genetic basis is to __________.

In __________, an animal learns to associate one of its behaviors with reward or punishment.

What kind of learning is thought to form the origin of culture?

In cross-fostering experiments, offspring of two species are switched early in development and reared by the opposite species. They are then compared with similar offspring reared by their own species. What is the point of this experimental design?

Animal behavior is governed by complex interactions between __________.

Which of the following best illustrates optimal foraging?

Off in the distance, on the side of a mountain, you spot four female deer and a single male deer. If this reflects the mating system of this species, it would be an example of what type of mating system?