41. Immune System

Which of the following is a characteristic of adaptive immunity?

Why is HIV a dangerous pathogen?

Why does our immune system not usually attack our own healthy tissues?

New flu shots are needed every year to protect against infection because of __________.

What is the primary difference between the innate and adaptive immune responses?a. The innate immune response does not distinguish between pathogens, while the adaptive immune response does.b. Only the innate immune response is activated by antigens.c. The adaptive immune response generates immunological memory and is more specific than the innate immune response.d. The innate immune response does not kill cells; the adaptive immune response does.

An epitope associates with which part of an antigen receptor or antibody?a. the tailb. the heavy-chain constant regions onlyc. variable regions of a heavy chain and light chain combinedd. the light-chain constant regions only

Which statement best describes the difference between responses of effector B cells (plasma cells) and those of cytotoxic T cells?a. B cells confer active immunity; cytotoxic T cells confer passive immunity.b. B cells respond the first time a pathogen is present; cytotoxic T cells respond subsequent times.c. B cells secrete antibodies against a pathogen; cytotoxic T cells kill pathogen-infected host cells.d. B cells carry out the cell-mediated response; cytotoxic T cells carry out the humoral response.

What is the difference between an epitope and an antigen?