21. Kinetic Theory of Ideal Gases

The Ideal Gas Law

Open Question
A 6.0-cm-diameter, 10-cm-long cylinder contains 100 mg of oxygen (O₂) at a pressure less than 1 atm. The cap on one end of the cylinder is held in place only by the pressure of the air. One day when the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa, it takes a 184 N force to pull the cap off. What is the temperature of the gas?
Open Question
A cylinder contains nitrogen gas. A piston compresses the gas to half its initial volume. Afterward,a. Has the mass density of the gas changed? If so, by what factor? If not, why not?
Open Question
0.0050 mol of gas undergoes the process 1→2→3 shown in FIGURE EX18.37. What are(a) temperature T₁,
Open Question
A gas at 100°C fills volume V₀. If the pressure is held constant, what is the volume if (b) the Kelvin temperature is doubled?
Multiple Choice
3 moles of an ideal gas fill a cubical box with a side length of 30cm. If the temperature of the gas is 20°C, what is the pressure inside the container?
Multiple Choice
Hydrogen gas behaves very much like an ideal gas. If you have a sample of Hydrogen gas with a volume of 1000 cm³at 30°C with a pressure of 1 × 10⁵ Pa, calculate how many hydrogen atoms (particles) there are in the sample.
Multiple Choice
A balloon contains 3900cm³ of a gas at a pressure of 101 kPa and a temperature of –9°C. If the balloon is warmed such that the temperature rises to 28°C, what volume will the gas occupy? Assume the pressure remains constant.
Multiple Choice
A sample of gas is heated in a closed container with a volume of $2 . 2 L,$ from an initial temperature and pressure of $20 ° C$ and $1.0 atm$ to a final temperature of $238 ° C$ . What is the final pressure?
Multiple Choice
An ideal gas is in a sealed container. It has a temperature T when it has volume V at pressure P. What is the temperature of the gas when its volume is quadrupled, and the pressure is halved?
Multiple Choice
0.00086 moles of an ideal gas undergoes the process shown in the figure. If the initial temperature was $340 K$ and the final pressure is $5.0 atm$ , what is the final temperature?
Open Question
A constant-volume gas thermometer registers an absolute pressure corresponding to 325 mm of mercury when in contact with water at the triple point. What pressure does it read when in contact with water at the normal boiling point?
Open Question
The pressure of a gas at the triple point of water is 1.35 atm. If its volume remains unchanged, what will its pressure be at the temperature at which CO2 solidifies?
Open Question
A large cylindrical tank contains 0.750 m^3 of nitrogen gas at 27°C and 7.50 * 10^3 Pa (absolute pressure). The tank has a tight-fitting piston that allows the volume to be changed. What will be the pressure if the volume is decreased to 0.410 m^3 and the temperature is increased to 157°C?
Open Question
You have several identical balloons. You experimentally determine that a balloon will break if its volume exceeds 0.900 L. The pressure of the gas inside the balloon equals air pressure (1.00 atm). (a) If the air inside the balloon is at a constant 22.0°C and behaves as an ideal gas, what mass of air can you blow into one of the balloons before it bursts?
Open Question
Helium gas with a volume of 3.20 L, under a pressure of 0.180 atm and at 41.0°C, is warmed until both pressure and volume are doubled. (b) How many grams of helium are there? The molar mass of helium is 4.00 g/mol.