19. Fluid Mechanics
Buoyancy & Buoyant Force
- Open QuestionThe average density of the body of a fish is 1080 kg/m³ . To keep from sinking, a fish increases its volume by inflating an internal air bladder, known as a swim bladder, with air. By what percent must the fish increase its volume to be neutrally buoyant in fresh water? The density of air at 20°C is 119 kg/m³.
- Open QuestionIn FIGURE CP14.74, a cone of density p₀ and total height l floats in a liquid of density pբ . The height of the cone above the liquid is h. What is the ratio h/l of the exposed height to the total height?
- Open QuestionStyrofoam has a density of 150 kg/m³ . What is the maximum mass that can hang without sinking from a 50-cm-diameter Styrofoam sphere in water? Assume the volume of the mass is negligible compared to that of the sphere.
- Open QuestionThe bottom of a steel 'boat' is a 5.0 m x 10 m x 2.0 cm piece of steel (pₛₜₑₑₗ = 7900 kg/m³) . The sides are made of 0.50-cm-thick steel. What minimum height must the sides have for this boat to float in perfectly calm water?
- Open QuestionA 6.00-cm-diameter sphere with a mass of 89.3 g is neutrally buoyant in a liquid. Identify the liquid.
- Open QuestionWhat is the tension of the string in FIGURE EX14.19?
- Open QuestionThe tank shown in FIGURE CP14.73 is completely filled with a liquid of density p. The right face is not permanently attached to the tank but, instead, is held against a rubber seal by the tension in a spring. To prevent leakage, the spring must both pull with sufficient strength and prevent a torque from pushing the bottom of the right face out. (b) If the spring has the minimum tension, at what height d from the bottom must it be attached?
- Open Question
(II) A spherical balloon has a radius of 7.15 m and is filled with helium. How large a cargo can it lift, assuming that the skin and structure of the balloon have a mass of 890 kg? Neglect the buoyant force on the cargo volume itself.
- Open Question
(II) The specific gravity of ice is 0.917, whereas that of seawater is 1.025. What percent of an iceberg is above the surface of the water?
- Open Question
(II) A crane lifts the 21,000-kg steel hull of a sunken ship out of the water. Determine
(b) the tension when the hull is completely out of the water.
- Open Question
(II) A crane lifts the 21,000-kg steel hull of a sunken ship out of the water. Determine
(a) the tension in the crane’s cable when the hull is fully submerged in the water , and
- Open Question
(III) A 3.75-kg block of wood (SG = 0.50) floats on water. What minimum mass of lead, hung from the wood by a string, will cause the block to sink?
- Open Question
A ship, carrying fresh water to a desert island in the Caribbean, has a horizontal cross-sectional area of 2240 m² at the waterline. When unloaded, the ship rises 8.55 m higher in the sea. How much water (m³) was delivered?
- Open Question
A raft is made of 12 logs lashed together. Each is 45 cm in diameter and has a length of 6.5 m. How many people can the raft hold before they start getting their feet wet, assuming the average person has a mass of 68 kg? Do not neglect the weight of the logs. Assume the specific gravity of wood is 0.60.
- Open Question
(II) A cube of side length 10.0 cm and made of unknown material floats at the surface between water and oil. The oil has a density of 810 kg/m³ . If the cube floats so that it is 72% in the water and 28% in the oil, what is the mass of the cube and what is the buoyant force on the cube?