Which of the following is the first step in the process of hypothesis testing?

Determine whether the hypothesis test is left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed.

$H_0:$ $p=0.4$

$H_{a}:$ $p\ne0.4$

In a certain hypothesis test, $H_0:p=0.4$, $H_{a}:p$ < $0.4$. You collect a sample and calculate a test statistic $z=-1.32$. Find the $P$-value.

A transportation analyst claims that the average commute time in a major city is less than $45$ minutes. A hypothesis test is conducted, with a resulting P-value of $0.0084$. What would be the conclusion at a significance level $\alpha =.01$

Student loan debt has fluctuated over years, with signs indicating that the default rate may be increasing. Write the null and alternative hypothesis if you want to determine if the student loan default rate this year is more than $15\%$.

A popular theme park claims that their weekly attendance is around $100,000$. You believe that the weekly attendance is different than this claimed value, so you gather sample data. Write the null and alternative hypotheses.