4. Biomolecules

Carbohydrates can function in which of the following ways?

Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch. Why can the same enzyme not break down cellulose?

The subunits (monomers) in cellulose are linked together by __________.

Which of the following components of a tossed salad will pass through the human digestive tract and be digested the least?

Which of the following categories includes all others in the list?a. disaccharideb. polysaccharidec. starchd. carbohydrate

What are three ways monosaccharides differ from one another?

The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are in the αform. Which of the following could amylase break down?a. glycogen, starch, and amylopectinb. glycogen and cellulosec. cellulose and chitind. starch, chitin, and cellulose

A glucose molecule is to starch as (Explain your answer.)a. a steroid is to a lipid.b. a protein is to an amino acid.c. a nucleic acid is to a polypeptide.d. a nucleotide is to a nucleic acid.

What holds cellulose molecules together in bundles large enough to form fibers?a. the cell wallb. peptide bondsc. hydrogen bondsd. hydrophobic interactions

Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose becausea. they produce enzymes that recognize the shape of the glucose-glucose bonds and hydrolyze them.b. they re-chew their cud to break down cellulose fibers.c. their digestive tract contains microorganisms that can hydrolyze the bonds of cellulose.d. they convert cellulose to starch and can digest starch.

What are the primary functions of carbohydrates in cells?a. cell identity, energy storage, raw material source for synthesis, and structureb. catalysis, energy storage, metabolism, and structurec. catalysis, digestion, energy storage, and information storaged. energy storage, information storage, polymerization, and raw material source for synthesis

Which of the differences listed here could be found among molecules of the same monosaccharide? Select True or False for each statement.T/F There is a difference in the orientation of a hydroxyl group in the ring form.T/F There is a difference in the number of carbons.T/F There is a difference in the position of the carbonyl group in the linear form.T/F There is a difference in the overall shape of the molecule—one is a ring and the other is linear.

VISUAL SKILLS Choose the term that correctly describes the relationship between these two sugar molecules: a. structural isomersb. cis-trans isomersc. enantiomersd. isotopes

Although cellulose and starch are identical in terms of stored chemical energy, our ability to harvest the energy from these two polysaccharides differs considerably. What is responsible for this difference?

Contrast the structure of glycogen and chitin in terms of their monosaccharides, glycosidic linkages, and interactions between polysaccharide chains.