Open Question
Describe the gene and protein defects in phenylketonuria (PKU). How are these defects connected to disease symptoms?
11. Translation
Proteins
Back11. Translation
Proteins
- Multiple Choice
Which of the following protein structures describes a 3D structure of one polypeptide chain?
- Multiple Choice
Which of the following describes the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain?
- Multiple Choice
Which of the following describes the 3D structure of multiple polypeptide chains in a single protein?
- Multiple Choice
Which of the following describes the local structures formed in a single polypeptide chain?
- Open Question
Some proteins are composed of two or more polypeptides. Suppose the DNA template strand sequence 3′-TACGTAGGCTAACGGAGTAAGCTAACT-5′ produces a polypeptide that joins in pairs to form a functional protein.
What term is used to identify a functional protein like this one formed when two identical polypeptides join together? - Open QuestionIn this chapter, we focused on the translation of mRNA into proteins as well as on protein structure and function. Along the way, we found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations in the chapter, what answers would you propose to the following fundamental questions:How do we know that the structure of a protein is intimately related to the function of that protein?
- Open QuestionDiscuss the potential difficulties of designing a diet to alleviate the symptoms of phenylketonuria.
- Open QuestionIndividuals with phenylketonuria cannot convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. Why don't these individuals exhibit a deficiency of tyrosine?
- Open QuestionEarly detection and adherence to a strict dietary regimen have prevented much of the intellectual disability that used to occur in those with phenylketonuria (PKU). Affected individuals now often lead normal lives and have families. For various reasons, such individuals tend to adhere less rigorously to their diet as they get older. Predict the effect that mothers with PKU who neglect their diets might have on newborns.
- Open QuestionThe study of biochemical mutants in organisms such as Neurospora has demonstrated that some pathways are branched. The data shown in the following table illustrate the branched nature of the pathway resulting in the synthesis of thiamine:Growth Supplement _Mutation Minimal Medium Pyrimidine Thiazole Thiaminethi-1 − − + +thi-2 − + − +thi-3 − − − +Why don't the data support a linear pathway? Can you postulate a pathway for the synthesis of thiamine in Neurospora?
- Open QuestionWhy is an alteration of electrophoretic mobility interpreted as a change in the primary structure of the protein under study?
- Open Question
Define and describe the differences in the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of a protein.
- Open QuestionUsing sickle-cell anemia as an example, describe what is meant by a molecular or genetic disease. What are the similarities and dissimilarities between this type of a disorder and a disease caused by an invading microorganism?
- Open Question
Contrast the contributions of Pauling and Ingram to our understanding of the genetic basis for sickle-cell anemia.