3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance

When performing a complementation test, how do you know if two mutations complement?

How can you tell if two genes are epistatic?

Two heterozygous organisms are crossed, and the F₂ phenotypic ratio is 12:3:1. What form of epistasis do these two genes exhibit?

A cross of white plants and red plants was performed. Using the F2 phenotypic ratio data below, determine what form of gene interaction is taking place. 

Define and distinguish epistasis and pleiotropy.

A researcher interested in studying a human gene on chromosome 21 and another gene on the X chromosome uses FISH probes to locate each gene. The chromosome 21 probe produces green fluorescent color, and the X chromosome probe produces red fluorescent color.

If the subject studied is male, how many green and red spots will be detected? Explain your answer.

A researcher interested in studying a human gene on chromosome 21 and another gene on the X chromosome uses FISH probes to locate each gene. The chromosome 21 probe produces green fluorescent color, and the X chromosome probe produces red fluorescent color.

If the subject studied is female, how many green and red spots will be detected? Explain your answer.