A cross of white plants and red plants was performed. Using the F2 phenotypic ratio data below, determine what form of gene interaction is taking place. 

Epistatic gene interaction results in a modification of the F₂ dihybrid ratio.

What is the expected F₂ ratio?

When performing a complementation test, how do you know if two mutations complement?

How can you tell if two genes are epistatic?

Two heterozygous organisms are crossed, and the F₂ phenotypic ratio is 12:3:1. What form of epistasis do these two genes exhibit?

In the rare Bombay phenotype, a mutation in a second gene can control an individual's what?

Define and distinguish epistasis and pleiotropy.

A researcher interested in studying a human gene on chromosome 21 and another gene on the X chromosome uses FISH probes to locate each gene. The chromosome 21 probe produces green fluorescent color, and the X chromosome probe produces red fluorescent color.

If the subject studied is male, how many green and red spots will be detected? Explain your answer.