32. Vertebrates

Which of the following can be found in vertebrates but not in lancelets and tunicates?

A lamprey, a shark, a lizard, and a rabbit share all the following characteristics except __________.

Which of the following is among the earliest known vertebrates?

The operculum was an important adaptation for fish because it helps with __________.

Some sharks are viviparous, which means that __________.

A feature of bony fish not found in sharks is __________.

Which of the following organisms is most closely related to the ancestor of modern amphibians?

Which of the following sets of animals contains only gnathostomes?

The first vertebrates to live on land were __________.

Which of the following animals is an amphibian?

Habitat loss, the spread of a fungal disease, climate change, and pollution are causing severe population declines and extinction in __________.

Vertebrates and tunicates sharea. jaws adapted for feeding.b. a high degree of cephalization.c. an endoskeleton that includes a skull.d. a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord.

True or false? Both echinoderms and vertebrates have endoskeletons. Explain.

Living vertebrates can be divided into two major clades. Select the appropriate pair.a. the chordates and the tetrapodsb. the urochordates and the cephalochordatesc. the cyclostomes and the gnathostomesd. the marsupials and the eutherians

What trait(s) characterize the vertebrates?a. vertebrae and a craniumb. jaws and a spinal cordc. bony endoskeletond. notochord and post-anal tail