33. Plant Anatomy

Which statement concerning grafting is correct?a. Stocks and scions refer to twigs of different species.b. Stocks and scions must come from unrelated species.c. Stocks provide root systems for grafting.d. Grafting creates new species.

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed bya. a change in the morphology of the leaves produced.b. the initiation of secondary growth.c. the formation of lateral roots.d. the activation of floral meristem identity genes.

Telomerase synthesizes DNA in the direction.

Which statement best characterizes secondary growth?a. It results from cell divisions in the vascular and cork cambia.b. It increases the length of the plant stem.c. It results from divisions in the apical meristem cells.d. It often produces phloem cells to the inside and xylem cells to the outside of the vascular cambium.

The vascular cambium gives rise to (A) all xylem. (B) all phloem. (C) primary xylem and phloem. (D) secondary xylem and phloem

Suppose a flower had normal expression of genes A and C and expression of gene B in all four whorls. Based on the ABC hypothesis, what would be the structure of that flower, starting at the outermost whorl?a. carpel-petal-petal-carpelb. petal-petal-stamen-stamenc. sepal-carpel-carpel-sepald. sepal-sepal-carpel-carpel

Which of the following arise(s), directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?a. secondary xylemb. leavesc. dermal tissued. all of the above

Analyze the following statements about DNA synthesis. Select True or False for each statement.T/FAn RNA polymerase is essential for DNA synthesis.T/FOkazaki fragments would be unnecessary if DNA polymerase could synthesize DNA in both the 3'→5' and 5'→3' directions.T/FDNA ligase is used more frequently on the lagging strand than on the leading strand.T/FToposiomerase is required to separate the two strands of DNA at the replication fork.

What aspect of DNA structure makes it possible for the proteins of nucleotide excision repair to recognize many different types of DNA damage? (d) the regularity of DNA's structure

What aspect of DNA structure makes it possible for the proteins of nucleotide excision repair to recognize many different types of DNA damage? (c) the energy differences between correct and incorrect base pairs

What aspect of DNA structure makes it possible for the proteins of nucleotide excision repair to recognize many different types of DNA damage? (b) the antiparallel orientation of strands in the double helix

You attached a birdfeeder to a tree 5 years ago at a position 6 feet above the ground. The tree has grown since at a rate of 1 foot per year. What is the current height of the birdfeeder?

DRAW IT On this cross section from a woody eudicot, label a growth ring, late wood, early wood, and a vessel element. Then draw an arrow in the pith-to-cork direction.

In the late 1950s, Herbert Taylor grew bean root-tip cells in a solution of radioactive thymidine (a precursor to one of the deoxyribonucleotides in DNA) and allowed them to undergo one round of DNA replication. He then transferred the cells to a solution without radioactive thymidine, allowed them to replicate again, and examined their chromosomes for the presence of radioactivity. His results are shown in the following figure, where red indicates a radioactive chromatid. (b) What would the results of Taylor's experiment be if eukaryotes used a conservative mode of DNA replication?

In the late 1950s, Herbert Taylor grew bean root-tip cells in a solution of radioactive thymidine (a precursor to one of the deoxyribonucleotides in DNA) and allowed them to undergo one round of DNA replication. He then transferred the cells to a solution without radioactive thymidine, allowed them to replicate again, and examined their chromosomes for the presence of radioactivity. His results are shown in the following figure, where red indicates a radioactive chromatid. (a) Draw labeled diagrams of double-stranded DNA molecules that explain the pattern of radioactivity observed in the sister chromatids after the first and second rounds of replication.