40. Circulatory System

Which of the following respiratory systems is not closely associated with a blood supply?a. the lungs of a vertebrateb. the gills of a fishc. the tracheal system of an insectd. the skin of an earthworm

Use the following diagram to review the flow of blood through a human cardiovascular system. Label the indicated parts, highlight the vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood, and then trace the flow of blood by numbering the circles from 1 to 10, starting with 1 in the right ventricle. (When two locations are equivalent in the pathway, such as right and left lung capillaries or capillaries of top and lower portion of the body, assign them the same number.)

Which of the following statements regarding the insect tracheal system is/are correct? Select True or False for each statement.T/F Tracheae dilate and constrict during flight or other types of movement, functioning as a 'breathing' mechanism.T/F Spiracles open into the body cavity, allowing direct contact between the air and hemolymph.T/F Tracheae carry oxygen to alveoli; here the oxygen diffuses into the hemolymph to be delivered to tissues.T/F Spiracles can close to minimize water loss.

Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein drains first into thea. left atrium.b. right atrium.c. left ventricle.d. right ventricle.

Label the parts of the human respiratory system. a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

Identify at least two advantages of breathing air instead of water.

Which of the following body systems facilitates (but doesn't regulate) the functions of the other systems?respiratory systemendocrine systemdigestive systemcirculatory system

Which of the following is the main difference between your cardiovascular system and that of a fish? a. Your heart has two chambers; a fish heart has four. b. Your circulation has two circuits; fish circulation has one. c. Your heart chambers are called atria and ventricles. d. Yours is a closed system; the fish's is an open system.

Describe the disadvantages of an open circulatory system relative to a closed circulatory system.

One feature that amphibians and humans have in common isa. the number of heart chambers.b. a complete separation of circuits for circulation.c. the number of circuits for circulation.d. a low blood pressure in the systemic circuit.

If a molecule of CO2 released into the blood in your left toe is exhaled from your nose, it must pass through all of the following excepta. the pulmonary vein.b. the trachea.c. the right atrium.d. the right ventricle.

In which of the following organisms does oxygen diffuse directly across a respiratory surface to cells, without being carried by the blood?a. a grasshopperb. a whalec. an earthwormd. a mous

What is the function of the cilia in the trachea and bronchi?a. to sweep air into and out of the lungsb. to increase the surface area for gas exchangec. to dislodge food that may have slipped past the epiglottisd. to sweep mucus with trapped particles up and out of the respiratory tract

What do the alveoli of mammalian lungs, the gill filaments of fish, and the tracheal tubes of insects have in common?a. use of a circulatory system to transport gasesb. respiratory surfaces that are infoldings of the body wallc. countercurrent exchanged. a large, moist surface area for gas exchange

The diaphragm is a large sheet of muscle that helps move air in and out of your lungs. Breathing is automatically controlled by the brain, but you can choose to hold your breath or breathe deeper. What kind of muscle do you suppose makes up the diaphragm? (Explain your answer.)