7. Prokaryotic Cell Structures & Functions

Endospore formation is called (a) ________. It is initiated by (b) ________. Formation of a new cell from an endospore is called (c) ________. This process is triggered by (d) ________.

Streptococcus bacteria have what shape?

What is the morphology of the cells in the image below?

Vibrio cholerae causes the disease cholera. Based on the name of the bacterium, what is its shape?

Which of the following is mismatched:

A chain of rods is referred to as ______________, whereas a curve shaped rod is termed _______________.

What type of cell is shown in the image below?

What type of cell arrangement is shown in the image below?

Match the following cell morphologies with the correct description:

1) ______:Diplobacilli                     A. Long spiral with flexible cells.

2) ______:Streptococci                  B. Single rod-shaped cell.

3) ______:Vibrio                             C. 2 rod-shaped cells that remain attached.

4) ______:Diplococci                     D. Cluster of 4 spherical cells arranged on one plane.

5) ______:Spirochete                    E. 2 spherical cells that remain attached.

6) ______:Tetrad                            F. Comma-shaped, short & bent cells.

7) ______:Single Bacillus              G. 2 short rod-shaped (or oval) cells that remain attached.

8) ______:Coccobacilli                  H. Chain-like pattern of spherical cells.

9) ______:Staphylococci               I. Cluster of 8 spherical cells arranged like a cube.

10) ______:Spirillium                      J. Curved rod that forms a spiral.

11) ______:Sarcinae                        K. Chain-like pattern of rod-shaped cells.

12) ______:Streptobacilli                L. Cluster of many spherical cells in a randomized pattern.

DRAW IT Diagram each of the following flagellar arrangements:

a. lophotrichous

b. monotrichous

c. peritrichous

d. amphitrichous

e. polar

DRAW IT Draw the bacterial shapes listed in (a), (b), and (c). Then draw the shapes in (d), (e), and (f), showing how they are special conditions of a, b, and c, respectively.

a. spiral

b. bacillus

c. coccus

d. spirochetes

e. staphylococci

f. streptobacilli

Compare and contrast each of the following:

a. Cyanobacteria and algae

b. Actinomycetes and fungi

c. Bacillus and Lactobacillus

d. Pseudomonas and Escherichia

e. Leptospira and Spirillum

f. Escherichia and Bacteroides

g. Rickettsia and Chlamydia

h. Mycobacterium and Mycoplasma

Pathogenic bacteria can be

a. motile.

b. rods.

c. cocci.

d. anaerobic.

e. all of the above.

Use the following choices to answer questions 2–5:

a. Candida

b. Chlamydia

c. Gardnerella

d. Neisseria

e. Trichomonas

Microscopic examination of vaginal smear shows ovoid eukaryotic cell.

Use the following choices to answer questions 2–5:

a. Candida

b. Chlamydia

c. Gardnerella

d. Neisseria

e. Trichomonas

Microscopic examination of vaginal smear shows epithelial cells covered with bacteria.