4. Water

Which of the following reactions is most consistent with that of a base?

a) NH₄⁺ → NH₃ + H⁺

b) H₂CO₃ → HCO₃^- + H⁺

c) NaOH → Na⁺ + OH^-

d) HCl → H⁺ + Cl^-

The addition of an acid like HCl to an aqueous solution (pure water) would result in:

a) An increase in pH only.

b) Both the release of H⁺ and an increase in pH.

c) Both the release of H⁺ and a decrease in pH.

d) The release of H⁺ into the solution only.

e) A decrease in pH only.

In what way(s) do bases work to increase the pH of a solution?

a) Increasing the concentration of hydroxide ions.

b) Decreasing the concentration of hydrogen ions.

c) Decreasing the concentration of hydroxide ions.

d) Increasing the concentration of hydrogen ions.

e) Both a & b.

f) Both c & d.

Classify each of the molecules on the left as an acid, base, or salt. The dissociation products of the molecules are shown to help you.

HNO₃ →H⁺ + NO⁻₃

Classify each of the molecules on the left as an acid, base, or salt. The dissociation products of the molecules are shown to help you.

H₂SO₄ →2H⁺ + SO²₄⁻

Classify each of the molecules on the left as an acid, base, or salt. The dissociation products of the molecules are shown to help you.

NaOH → Na⁺ + OH⁻

Classify each of the molecules on the left as an acid, base, or salt. The dissociation products of the molecules are shown to help you.

MgSO₄ → Mg²⁺ + SO²₄⁻

Select the false statement about salts. (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. Salts are ionic compounds.

b. Salts are formed when an acid and a base react with each other.

c. Salts consist of an anion and a cation component.

d. Salts may be inorganic.

e. Salts are usually acids.

f. Salts are usually hydrophilic.

Fill in the blanks:Acids donate _______________________ to an aqueous solution, which will lead to a(n) _______________________ in pH. In contrast, bases donate _______________________ to an aqueous solution and will _______________________ the pH. The pH of a solution with more OH−

than H+ will have a(n) _______________________ pH.