BackFrom the following choices, select all of the factors that impact prevalence rate. (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)
a. Duration of a disease
b. The type of pathogen responsible (such as if the pathogen is viral or bacterial)
c. Cure rates for a disease
d. The pathogenicity of the microbe that causes the disease
e. The effectiveness of preventive measures
f. The incidence rate of a disease
g. The quality of diagnostic tools
h. The severity of the disease
List three functions of public health.
State what type of mortality rate is applicable.
Scenario 1: Out of 6,000 live births last week, 10 of the women died.
Type of mortality rate?
Scenario 2: 300 patients had disease X last year, 10 of whom died.
Type of mortality rate?
Scenario 3: Of the 120,000 live births in a particular community last year, 15 of the babies died before their first birthday.
Type of mortality rate?
Scenario 4: Out of 3,000 people in a given population, 100 died of pneumonia.
Type of mortality rate?
Calculated mortality rate (expressed per 100 in the population):
Which of the following is a true statement? (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)
a. If a pathogen establishes an infection, it is described as virulent.
b. Pathogenicity is the extent of disease caused by a microbe.
c. Normal microbiota are not usually affected by host factors.
d. A pathogen’s virulence factors change over time in response to selective pressures.
e. Attenuated pathogens cause disease in a normal host.
Draft a Venn diagram to compare and contrast descriptive and analytical epidemiology.
Diseases that the CDC collects information on through collaboration with state and local health authorities are called (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)
a. communicable diseases.
b. reportable diseases.
c. nationally notifiable diseases.
d. investigative diseases.
e. case report illnesses.
An epidemiological study design that is commonly used for determining the efficacy of a drug therapy is a(n)
a. experimental study.
b. case report.
c. cross-sectional study.
d. correlation study.
e. observational study.
How is an opportunistic pathogen different from a pathogen?
In developed nations, which of the following are considered endemic diseases, and which are considered sporadic diseases?
Influenza: (endemic or sporadic)
Tetanus: (endemic or sporadic)
Plague: (endemic or sporadic)
Common cold: (endemic or sporadic)
Streptococcal pharyngitis: (endemic or sporadic)
Botulism: (endemic or sporadic)
Pneumonia: (endemic or sporadic)
A(n) _______________________ groups the study populations by exposure versus nonexposure to a certain risk factor to see if either group develops the outcome in question.
a. experimental study
b. case report
c. cross-sectional study
d. correlation study
e. observational study
What is a reservoir, and why can C. difficile use a fomite as an effective environmental reservoir?
Complete the table: <IMAGE>
What precautions or actions would apply to an HIV/AIDS patient? Select all that apply. (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)
a. Droplet precautions
b. Standard precautions
c. BSL-4 precautions
d. Universal precautions
e. AFB precautions
f. Isolation practices
What BSL would an airborne pathogen that causes potentially deadly, but treatable, disease be placed into? Explain your answer.
Select the true statements about SARS-CoV-2. (Select all that apply.) (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)
a. It causes COVID-19.
b. It is vaccine preventable.
c. The FDA has approved hydroxychloroquine to treat infections with this virus.
d. It is considered a zoonotic infection.
e. It causes a form of viral pneumonia.