21. Principles of Disease

A patient has been diagnosed as having pneumonia. Is this sufficient information to begin treatment with antimicrobial agents? Briefly discuss why or why not.

List the causative agent, mode of transmission, and endemic area for the diseases histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, and Pneumocystis pneumonia.

A patient with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea within 5 hours after eating most likely has

a. shigellosis.

b. cholera.

c. E. coli gastroenteritis.

d. salmonellosis.

e. staphylococcal food poisoning.

DRAW IT Diagram the pathway taken by E. coli to cause cystitis. Do the same for pyelonephritis. Diagram the pathway taken by N. gonorrhoeae to cause PID.

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How are urinary tract infections acquired?

Name one organism that causes pyelonephritis. What are the portals of entry for microbes that cause pyelonephritis?

Explain why E. coli is frequently implicated in cystitis in females.

Complete the following table

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Name one fungus and one protozoan that can cause genital system infections. What symptoms would lead you to suspect these infections?

Name one fungus and one protozoan that can cause genital system infections. What symptoms would lead you to suspect these infections?

Briefly describe the procedures and positive results of the tuberculin test and what is indicated by a positive test.

Use the following choices to answer questions 9 and 10:

a. C. trachomatis

b. E. coli

c. Mycobacterium hominis

d. S. saprophyticus

The most common cause of cystitis

The water used to prepare intravenous solutions in a hospital contained endotoxins. Infection control personnel performed plate counts to find the source of the bacteria. Their results:

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All of the following conclusions about the bacteria can be drawn except which one?

a. They were present as a biofilm in the pipes.

b. They are gram-negative.

c. They come from fecal contamination.

d. They come from the city water supply.

e. none of the above

Match the following: <IMAGE>

Fill in the blanks:Pili, fimbriae, and sialic acid binding factors are examples of ________, which are virulence factors that allow pathogens to ________ host tissues––an essential early step in pathogenesis. In contrast, flagella, collagenases, and coagulases tend to act as ________, which help pathogens spread deeper into host tissues.