18. Viruses, Viroids, & Prions

When packaged in the virus, the complex of nucleic acid and protein is known as the:

Which component of a virus allows the virus to bind to and enter the host cell?

The SARS-CoV-2 virus (Covid-19) is an enveloped, icosahedral virus. What characteristics does the SARS-CoV-2 virus have?
a) The SARS-CoV-2 virus is round in shape with an outer lipid bilayer.
b) The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a complex-shaped virus with an outer lipid bilayer.
c) The SARS-CoV-2 virus is helical in shape and is considered a 'naked' virus.
d) The SARS-CoV-2 virus is round in shape and is considered a 'naked' virus.

NAME IT This virus family, normally associated with AIDS, may be useful for gene therapy.

Why do we classify viruses as obligatory intracellular parasites?

List the four properties that define a virus. What is a virion?

Recall from Chapter 1 that Koch's postulates are used to determine the etiology of a

disease. Why is it difficult to determine the etiology of

a. a viral infection, such as influenza?

b. cancer?

Which of the following statements is false?

a. Viruses contain DNA or RNA.

b. The nucleic acid of a virus is surrounded by a protein coat.

c. Viruses multiply inside living cells using viral mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes.

d. Viruses cause the synthesis of specialized infectious elements.

e. Viruses multiply inside living cells.

Define the following terms, and give an example of how each reaction is used diagnostically:

a. viral hemagglutination

b. hemagglutination inhibition

c. passive agglutination

Which of the following is a potential feature of an animal virus? Select all that apply.

a. Presence of an envelope

b. Presence of a naked icosahedral capsid

c. Ability to inject naked RNA into the host cell

d. Ability to integrate into the host cell’s genome

e. Ability to cause host cell lysis

f. Ability to build DNA from an RNA template

An RNA virus with an antisense or negative strand must have which of the following enzymes to replicate?

a. Reverse transcriptase

b. Host DNA polymerase

c. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

d. Host RNA polymerase

A young mother who has hepatitis B is under your care. Your main concern is to prevent the spread of the virus from infected cells to healthy ones. You would recommend (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. acyclovir.

b. Retrovir.

c. interferon.

d. Valtrex.

Assume a new enveloped RNA virus is causing an epidemic. Which of the following may be useful to manage the disease? Select all that apply.

a. Injectable antibodies

b. Interferons

c. Antibiotics

d. Nucleoside analogs

Compare and contrast production of viral proteins for dsDNA viruses and ssRNA+ viruses.

An accidental needle stick occurs during routine treatment of an HIV-positive patient who arrives at your clinic. Immediate administration of _______________ can block viral entry.

a. enfuvirtide

b. vapendavir

c. AZT

d. amantadine