1. Introduction to Microbiology

Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?

The proposal that one type of organism can change into another type over a long period of time is known as:

Biologists can divide living organisms into two groups:autotrophs and heterotrophs, which differ in _________.

Into which field of microbiology would the following scientists best fit?

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Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria differs from Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology in that the former

a. groups bacteria into species.

b. groups bacteria according to phylogenetic relationships.

c. groups bacteria according to pathogenic properties.

d. groups bacteria into 19 species.

e. all of the above

Bacillus and Lactobacillus are not in the same order. This indicates that which one of the following is not sufficient to assign an organism to a taxon?

a. biochemical characteristics

b. amino acid sequencing

c. phage typing

d. serology

e. morphological characteristics

Use the following choices to answer questions 9 and 10.

1. 9 + 2 flagella

2. 70s ribosome

3. fimbria

4. nucleus

5. peptidoglycan

6. plasma membrane

Which is (are) found only in prokaryotes?

a. 1,4,6

b. 3,5

c. 1,2

d. 4

e. 2,4,5

Use the following choices to answer questions 9 and 10.

1. 9 + 2 flagella

2. 70s ribosome

3. fimbria

4. nucleus

5. peptidoglycan

6. plasma membrane

Which is (are) found in all three domains?

a. 2,6

b. 5

c. 2,4,6

d. 1,3,5

e. all six

Use the following choices to answer questions 7 and 8.

a. Animalia

b. Fungi

c. Plantae

d. Bacillota (gram-positive bacteria)

e. Pseudomonadota (gram-negative bacteria)

Into which group would you place a multicellular organism that has a mouth and lives inside the human liver?

DRAW IT Use the information in the following table to complete the dichotomous key to these organisms. What is the purpose of a dichotomous key? Look up each genus in Chapter 11, and provide an example of why this organism is of interest to humans.

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DRAW IT Use the following rRNA information to construct a cladogram for some of the organisms used in question 4. What is the purpose of a cladogram? How does your cladogram differ from a dichotomous key for these organisms?

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Fill in the blanks: In taxonomy, the broadest groupings are called ___________________, which are further subdivided into six different ___________________. The most specific or narrowest grouping is ___________________, which is the ___________________ name in the binomial nomenclature system.

Assume that you isolated a unicellular, non-nucleated cell from a deep-sea vent. Select the statement that is least likely regarding the cell you found. (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. The cell is a prokaryote.

b. The cell is a fungus or yeast.

c. The cell is an archaea.

d. The cell is not a pathogen.

e. The cell is in Domain Archaea.

List the following taxonomic groupings in order from general to specific.

Phylum, Kingdom, Genus, Family, Class, Domain, Species, Order

Why is Latin used in taxonomic nomenclature?