32. Vertebrates

Analysis of DNA from a variety of sources has led most researchers to agree that __________.

What was the earliest hominin to have an enlarged brain (relative to body size)?

__________ arose very early in hominid evolution; __________ evolved more recently.

Which of the following correctly lists probable ancestors of modern humans from the earliest to the most recent?

Which of the following traits distinguishes hominins from other apes?

Included among the extant groups of apes are __________.

All species of New World monkeys are __________.

Humans and lorises share many traits that probably evolved in our early primate ancestors; one such trait is __________.

Primates are distinguished from other mammals by __________.

Which of the following is not a property of DNA polymerase?a. It adds dNTPs only in the 5'→3' direction.b. It requires a primer to begin synthesis.c. It opens the two strands of DNA at the replication fork.d. Its exonuclease activity is involved in proofreading.

In the primate phylogenetic tree below, fill in groups (a)–(e). Of the groups, which are anthropoids and which are apes? a. b. c. d. e.

What is the function of primase?a. synthesis of the repetitive, short double-stranded DNA sequences required by DNA polymeraseb. synthesis of a short RNA strand that is complementary to single-stranded DNAc. closing the gap at the 3′ end of DNA after excision repaird. removing primers and synthesizing a short section of DNA to replace them

Most species of hominins are known only from Africa. Which species have been found in other parts of the world as well?a. early Homo—H. habilis and H. ergasterb. H. erectus, H. neanderthalensis, and H. floresiensisc. gracile australopithecinesd. robust australopithecines

As hominins diverged from other primates, which of the following appeared first?a. reduced jawbonesb. an enlarged brainc. the making of stone toolsd. bipedal locomotion

Fossils suggest that the first major trait distinguishing hominins from other primates wasa. a larger brain.b. erect posture.c. forward-facing eyes with depth perception.d. tool making.