22. Evolution of Populations

What two functional groups are bound to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer?a. an R-group and a hydroxyl groupb. an N—H group and a ═(C═O) groupc. an amino group and a hydroxyl groupd. an amino group and a carboxyl group

Why isn't inbreeding considered an evolutionary process?a. It does not change genotype frequencies.b. It does not change allele frequencies.c. It does not occur often enough to be important in evolution.d. It does not violate the assumptions of the Hardy–Weinberg principle.

Describe three ways that evolution can occur via genetic drift.

Why is genetic drift aptly named? Select True or False for each statement.T/F It causes allele frequencies to drift up or down randomly.T/F It occurs when alleles from one population drift into another.T/F It occurs when mutations drift into a genome.

Which of these functional groups is known to be used for storing large amounts of chemical energy?a. amino groupb. carbonyl groupc. phosphate groupd. sulfhydryl group

Evaluate the following statements related to the synthesis of nucleic acids. Select True or False for each statement.T/F Ribonucleotides are added to the 3′ end of a DNA strand.T/F Polymerization of nucleic acids occurs by the formation of phosphodiester bonds.T/F Complementary pairing between sugars is required for copying nucleic acids.T/F Strands in a double helix are synthesized in an antiparallel orientation.

Evaluate this statement: Gene flow increases the genetic divergence of populations.

True or false? Gene flow can either increase or decrease the average fitness of a population. Explain.

Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates how Mycobacterium tuberculosis evolves when it is exposed to an antibiotic.

What is responsible for the increased stability of DNA compared to RNA?

Cooking oil lipids consist of long, unsaturated hydrocarbon chains. Would you expect these molecules to form membranes spontaneously? Why or why not? Describe, on a molecular level, how you would expect these lipids to behave in water.

In an area of erratic rainfall, a biologist found that grass plants with alleles for curled leaves reproduced better in dry years, and plants with alleles for flat leaves reproduced better in wet years. This situation would tend to _________ . (Explain your answer.)a. cause genetic drift in the grass population.b. preserve genetic variation in the grass population.c. lead to stabilizing selection in the grass population.d. lead to uniformity in the grass population.

If nucleotides from the DNA of a human were quantified and 30 percent of them contained the base adenine, what percentage of them would contain the base guanine?a. 20 percentb. 30 percentc. 40 percentd. 70 percent

If an allele is recessive and lethal in homozygotes before they reproduce,a. the allele will be removed from the population by natural selection in approximately 1,000 years.b. the allele will likely remain in the population at a low frequency because it cannot be selected against in heterozygotes.c. the fitness of the homozygous recessive genotype is 0.d. both b and c are correct.

In the 1700s and 1800s, royalty in Europe often married their close relatives; furthermore, recessive genetic diseases such as hemophilia showed up much more often among royals than in the general population. Explain the likely connection.