3. Energy & Cell Processes

Which of the following is the source of the energy that produces the chemiosmotic gradient in mitochondria?

The energy given up by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain is used in which of the following processes?

Energy for synthesizing ATP is obtained by ATP synthase directly from which of the following processes?

What does the chemiosmotic hypothesis claim?a. ATP is generated using phosphates taken from intermediates in the electron transport chain.b. ATP is generated using a phosphate gradient produced by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.c. ATP is generated using a proton-motive force that is produced by the electron transport chain.d. Water is generated using electrons taken from NADH and FADH2 and transported through the electron transport chain.

Explain the relationship between electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. How do uncoupling proteins 'uncouple' this relationship in brown adipose tissue?

Explain the relationship between electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. How do uncoupling proteins 'uncouple' this relationship in brown adipose tissue?

MAKE CONNECTIONS The proton pump shown in Figures 7.17 and 7.18 is a type of ATP synthase (see Figure 9.14). Compare the processes shown in the two figures, and say whether they are involved in active or passive transport (see Concepts 7.3 and 7.4).

Continue your comparison of electron transport and chemiosmosis in mitochondria and chloroplasts. In each case,a. where do the electrons come from?b. how do the electrons get their high potential energy?c. what picks up the electrons at the end of the chain?d. how is the energy released as electrons are transferred down the electron transport chain used?

ATP synthase enzymes are found in the prokaryotic plasma membrane and in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. What does this suggest about the evolutionary relationship of this eukaryotic organelle to prokaryotes?

For a short time in the 1930s, some physicians prescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol (DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method was abandoned after some patients died. DNP uncouples the chemiosmotic machinery by making the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+. Explain how this drug could cause profuse sweating, weight loss, and possibly death.