Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart2h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Chemiosmosis

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Chemiosmosis

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the source of the energy that produces the chemiosmotic gradient in mitochondria?

ATP

An ATP-dependent proton pump

The production of NADH

The components of the electron transport chain

Movement of electrons down the electron transport chain

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of chemiosmotic gradient: In mitochondria, the chemiosmotic gradient refers to the difference in proton concentration across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is crucial for ATP synthesis.

Identify the role of the electron transport chain: The electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions.

Recognize the source of energy for the chemiosmotic gradient: As electrons move down the electron transport chain, energy is released. This energy is used to pump protons (H+) from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, creating the chemiosmotic gradient.

Understand the movement of electrons: Electrons are transferred through the complexes of the electron transport chain, starting from NADH and FADH2, which donate electrons to the chain, and ending with oxygen, which accepts electrons to form water.

Connect the process to ATP synthesis: The chemiosmotic gradient created by the movement of protons is used by ATP synthase to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, utilizing the energy stored in the gradient.