26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance

Normal arterial blood pH is __________.

The most important buffer system in the intracellular fluid compartment (ICF) is the __________ buffer system.

Which statement about acids is true?

The most important buffer system of extracellular fluid, such as plasma, is the __________ buffer system.

Answer questions 5 through 10 by choosing responses from the following:a. ammonium ionsb. bicarbonatec. calciumd. chloridee. hydrogen ionsf. magnesiumg. phosphateh. potassiumi. sodiumj. water Two substances secreted into the proximal convoluted tubules in exchange for sodium ions.

Multiple ChoiceMore than one choice may apply.In the carbonic acid–bicarbonate buffer system, strong acids are buffered bya. carbonic acid.b. water.c. bicarbonate ion.d. the salt of the strong acid.

Answer questions 5 through 10 by choosing responses from the following:a. ammonium ionsb. bicarbonatec. calciumd. chloridee. hydrogen ionsf. magnesiumg. phosphateh. potassiumi. sodiumj. water Two ions produced during catabolism of glutamine.

In an individual with metabolic acidosis, a clue that the respiratory system is compensating is provided bya. high blood bicarbonate levels,b. low blood bicarbonate levels,c. rapid, deep breathing,d. slow, shallow breathing.

Hyperventilation can lead to __________.

One way the kidneys maintain HCO₃^– balance is by __________.

Renal acid-base control mechanisms are coupled to __________.

Most of the hydrogen ions in the body come from acidic substances in the foods we ingest.

Someone who is suffocating would develop __________.

Acidosis results in increasing levels of what ion?

Which condition would cause a drop in pH?

The only organ(s) of the body that can remove excess nonvolatile fixed acids is/are the __________.