Table of contents

1. Introduction to Microbiology3h 22m
2. Disproving Spontaneous Generation1h 18m
3. Chemical Principles of Microbiology3h 38m
4. Water1h 28m
5. Molecules of Microbiology2h 23m
6. Cell Membrane & Transport3h 28m
7. Prokaryotic Cell Structures & Functions5h 52m
8. Eukaryotic Cell Structures & Functions2h 18m
9. Microscopes2h 46m
10. Dynamics of Microbial Growth4h 36m
11. Controlling Microbial Growth4h 10m
12. Microbial Metabolism5h 16m
13. Photosynthesis2h 31m
14. DNA Replication2h 25m
15. Central Dogma & Gene Regulation7h 14m
16. Microbial Genetics4h 44m
17. Biotechnology3h 0m
18. Viruses, Viroids, & Prions4h 56m
19. Innate Immunity7h 15m
20. Adaptive Immunity7h 14m
21. Principles of Disease6h 57m

19. Innate Immunity

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)

Microbiology

19. Innate Immunity

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)

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Multiple Choice

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) bind molecules on pathogens. Why is this helpful to the immune response?

It provides a highly specific response to very small and highly unique areas on an individual pathogenic microbe, providing the most specific and selective response possible.

It provides a general response to broad categories of molecules/cells that should NOT be in our system, as we don't have these molecules on our own cells.

These secreted molecules help bind pathogens and then direct them to receptors on the immune system cells that are best capable of eliminating them from our systems. TLRs are delivery mechanisms for the immune responses.

TLRs are capable of directly lysing (destroying) the microbes, helping our immune responses by eliminating pathogens.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the immune system. TLRs are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system by recognizing molecules that are broadly shared by pathogens but are distinguishable from host molecules.

Recognize that TLRs do not provide a highly specific response to individual pathogens. Instead, they recognize general patterns known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are common to groups of pathogens.

Acknowledge that TLRs help initiate a general immune response by binding to these PAMPs, which are not present on the host's own cells, thus distinguishing self from non-self.

Understand that once TLRs bind to these PAMPs, they activate signaling pathways that lead to the production of cytokines and other molecules that help orchestrate the immune response, recruiting and activating other immune cells.

Clarify that TLRs themselves do not directly lyse pathogens. Instead, they act as a delivery mechanism, guiding the immune system to the presence of pathogens and facilitating their elimination by other immune cells.