Biofilms are defined as communities of microorganisms that are encased in a slime-like layer composed of polysaccharides, known as extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). These biofilms can form on virtually any surface and are significant in both environmental and medical contexts, as they can lead to serious illnesses.
The EPS is a sticky matrix made up of various polymers, which are secreted by the cells within the biofilm. This matrix can include a diverse range of molecules such as polysaccharides, proteins, glycoproteins, glycolipids, and lipids. The presence of these complex substances is crucial for maintaining the structure and function of the biofilm, allowing the microbial community to thrive.
In a biofilm, the microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea, coexist within this gel-like EPS, which provides protection and facilitates communication among the cells. The biofilm structure enhances the survival of these microbes, making them more resilient to environmental stresses and antimicrobial treatments. Understanding biofilms is essential for developing strategies to prevent and control infections, as they can significantly contribute to the pathogenicity of various microorganisms.
In summary, biofilms represent a complex interplay of microbial communities encased in a protective EPS, highlighting their importance in both health and disease. Continued research in this area is vital for finding effective methods to counteract the negative impacts of biofilms on human health.
