Introduction to Biomolecules: Videos & Practice Problems

Biomolecules are organic compounds that consist of covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms, playing a crucial role in the structure and function of living organisms. The term "bio" indicates their biological significance, highlighting their essential nature in life processes. There are four primary classes of biomolecules that are fundamental to biological systems: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids.

Carbohydrates serve as a primary energy source and structural components in cells. They are composed of sugar molecules and can be classified into simple sugars (monosaccharides) and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides). Proteins, made up of amino acids, perform a wide range of functions including catalyzing biochemical reactions as enzymes, providing structural support, and facilitating communication within and between cells.

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are vital for storing and transmitting genetic information. They are composed of nucleotide units, which include a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Lastly, lipids are hydrophobic molecules that include fats, oils, and phospholipids, playing key roles in energy storage, membrane structure, and signaling pathways.

As we progress through the course, each class of biomolecules will be explored in greater detail, allowing for a deeper understanding of their unique structures and functions within biological systems.

Biomolecules are essential organic compounds that play critical roles in biological systems. They are categorized into four main classes: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Understanding these biomolecules is fundamental to grasping the complexities of life at a molecular level.

Carbohydrates serve as a primary energy source and are composed of sugar molecules. They can be classified into simple sugars (monosaccharides) and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides). Proteins, made up of amino acids, are vital for numerous functions, including catalyzing biochemical reactions as enzymes, providing structural support, and facilitating communication within and between cells.

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are crucial for storing and transmitting genetic information. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, carries the genetic blueprint, while RNA, or ribonucleic acid, plays a key role in protein synthesis. Lastly, lipids, which include fats, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes, are important for energy storage, cellular structure, and signaling.

As we delve deeper into the study of biomolecules, we will explore the concepts of monomers and polymers, which are the building blocks of these macromolecules. Monomers are small, individual units that can join together to form larger structures known as polymers. This foundational knowledge will enhance our understanding of how these biomolecules function and interact within living organisms.

In summary, the study of biomolecules encompasses a wide range of topics, from their basic structures and functions to their roles in biological processes. This exploration will provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of life.