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1. Introduction to Microbiology3h 21m
2. Disproving Spontaneous Generation1h 18m
3. Chemical Principles of Microbiology3h 38m
4. Water1h 28m
5. Molecules of Microbiology2h 23m
6. Cell Membrane & Transport3h 28m
7. Prokaryotic Cell Structures & Functions5h 52m
8. Eukaryotic Cell Structures & Functions2h 18m
9. Microscopes2h 46m
10. Dynamics of Microbial Growth4h 36m
11. Controlling Microbial Growth4h 10m
12. Microbial Metabolism5h 16m
13. Photosynthesis2h 31m
14. DNA Replication2h 25m
15. Central Dogma & Gene Regulation7h 14m
16. Microbial Genetics4h 44m
17. Biotechnology3h 0m
18. Viruses, Viroids, & Prions4h 56m
19. Innate Immunity7h 15m
20. Adaptive Immunity7h 14m
21. Principles of Disease6h 57m

18. Viruses, Viroids, & Prions

COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)

18. Viruses, Viroids, & Prions

COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): Videos & Practice Problems

Video Lessons Practice Worksheet

Topic summary

The COVID-19 virus, also known as SARS-CoV-2, emerged in 2019, causing a global pandemic. This enveloped plus single-stranded RNA virus is characterized by spike proteins that resemble a crown, hence the name "corona." Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets, leading to acute infections with symptoms lasting up to 14 days. Severe cases can result in death, but the immune system often eliminates the virus within this timeframe. Understanding its transmission and pathogenesis is crucial for public health measures and vaccine development.

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COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)

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COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Video Summary

The COVID-19 virus, scientifically known as SARS-CoV-2, emerged in late 2019 when Chinese doctors reported severe lung issues in patients caused by this novel coronavirus. The virus is closely related to the SARS-CoV virus responsible for the 2003 outbreak, leading to its classification as a pandemic as cases spread globally. To mitigate transmission, many countries implemented quarantine measures for their citizens.

SARS-CoV-2 is classified as an enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus. This means it contains a single strand of RNA that can be directly translated into proteins by the host's ribosomes. The virus is characterized by spike proteins on its surface, which resemble a crown, hence the name "corona," derived from the Latin word for crown. These spike proteins are crucial for the virus's ability to attach to and infect host cells, particularly in the lungs.

The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs through various means, including respiratory droplets from coughing, talking, and inadequate hygiene practices. The infection typically presents with acute symptoms that can last from a few days up to 14 days. In severe cases, it can lead to significant health complications or even death. However, if the immune system effectively responds, the virus can be cleared from the body within this timeframe.

Throughout 2020 and 2021, the pandemic dominated global news, highlighting the importance of understanding the virus's structure, transmission methods, and the body's immune response. As we continue to explore these concepts, it is essential to grasp the implications of SARS-CoV-2 on public health and individual well-being.

Problem

COVID-19 is a _ virus that causes ___ infections.

dsRNA ; Acute.

ssRNA ; Acute.

ssDNA ; Latent.

ssRNA ; Persistent.

Problem

SARS-Cov-2 virus (Covid-19) is a (+) ssRNA virus. Which of the following answers is true about SARS-Cov-2?

To replicate the viral genome the replicase enzyme must be transported into the cell within the viral particle.

The viral genome can be directly translated by the host cell's ribosomes.

The host cell's DNA polymerase is used to replicate the viral genome.

The viral genome cannot be directly translated by the host cell's ribosomes and must be modified.

Problem

SARS-Cov-2 virus (Covid-19) is an enveloped virus. Enveloped viruses are easier to deactivate because soaps and disinfectants easily damage the viral envelope. Why does damaging the viral envelope make SARS-Cov-2 not infectious?

SARS-Cov-2 cannot attach to the host cell without its viral envelope.

SARS-Cov-2 cannot replicate its genome without its viral envelope.

SARS-Cov-2 cannot synthesize viral proteins without its viral envelope.

SARS-Cov-2 cannot assemble inside the host cell without its viral envelope.

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What is the COVID-19 virus and how is it related to SARS-CoV-2?

The COVID-19 virus, also known as SARS-CoV-2, is a novel coronavirus that emerged in 2019. It is an enveloped plus single-stranded RNA virus characterized by spike proteins on its surface, which resemble a crown, hence the name 'corona.' SARS-CoV-2 is genetically similar to the SARS-CoV virus responsible for the 2003 outbreak. The virus causes the COVID-19 disease, leading to respiratory issues and, in severe cases, death. Understanding its structure and transmission is crucial for developing public health measures and vaccines.

How is COVID-19 transmitted?

COVID-19 is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, talks, or sneezes. These droplets can be inhaled by people nearby or land on surfaces that others may touch, leading to indirect transmission. Proper hygiene, such as frequent handwashing and wearing masks, can significantly reduce the risk of transmission. Social distancing and quarantine measures have also been effective in controlling the spread of the virus.

What are the symptoms of COVID-19 and how long do they last?

COVID-19 symptoms can range from mild to severe and typically include fever, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, and loss of taste or smell. Symptoms usually appear 2-14 days after exposure to the virus and can last up to 14 days. In severe cases, the disease can lead to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and death. Most individuals recover within two weeks, but the duration can vary based on the severity of the infection and the individual's immune response.

What measures can be taken to prevent the spread of COVID-19?

Preventive measures for COVID-19 include wearing masks, practicing social distancing, frequent handwashing with soap and water, and using hand sanitizers with at least 60% alcohol. Avoiding large gatherings and staying home when feeling unwell are also crucial. Vaccination is a key strategy in preventing the spread and severity of the disease. Public health guidelines and recommendations should be followed to minimize the risk of transmission.

How does the immune system respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection?

The immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2 infection by recognizing the virus and activating immune cells to fight it. The spike proteins on the virus's surface are identified as foreign, triggering an immune response. Antibodies are produced to neutralize the virus, and T-cells help destroy infected cells. In most cases, the immune system can eliminate the virus within 14 days. However, in severe cases, an overactive immune response can lead to complications such as cytokine storms, which can cause significant tissue damage and increase the risk of death.