23. The Digestive System

The Stomach

Open Question
Troy Francis, a middle-aged salesman, complains of a burning pain in the 'pit of his stomach,' usually beginning about two hours after eating and abating after drinking a glass of milk. When asked to indicate the site, he points to his epigastric region. The GI tract is examined by X-ray fluoroscopy. A gastric ulcer is visualized, and drug therapy using a proton pump inhibitor and antibiotics is recommended.a. Why is this treatment suggested?b. What are the possible consequences of nontreatment?
Multiple Choice
The phases of gastric secretion, from first to last, are __________.
Open Question
The sphincter between the stomach and duodenum isa. the pyloric sphincter,b. the gastroesophageal sphincter,c. the hepatopancreatic sphincter,d. the ileocecal valve.
Multiple Choice
Which area/structure is NOT a component of the pyloric part of the stomach?
Multiple Choice
Which layer of the muscularis externa only exists in the stomach?
Open Question
Multiple ChoiceMore than one choice may apply.Match the letter of the digestive organ shown in the figure with its function. ___ churning occurs here
Open Question
Nutritionists have found that after a heavy meal, the pH of blood increases slightly, especially in the veins that carry blood away from the stomach. What causes this increase in blood pH?
Multiple Choice
Which of the following cells produce pepsinogen?
Open Question
The lamina propria forms part of thea. muscularis externa,b. submucosa,c. serosa,d. mucosa.
Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements about chemical digestion in the stomach are correct:
I. Lipid digestion is begun by enzymes known as lipases.
II. HCl is breaks starches into component monosaccharides.
III. Proteins are denatured by the protein pepsin.
Open Question
Match the following terms with the correct definition.

____Chief cells
____Parietal cells
____Gastrin
____Pyloric sphincter
____Diffuse neuroendocrine (DNES) cells
____Gastroesophageal sphincter
____Pepsin
____Chyme

a. Hormone that stimulates multiple digestive processes
b. Enzyme that begins protein digestion
c. Produce acid and intrinsic factor
d. Liquid produced as a result of stomach churning
e. Produce pepsinogen
f. Cells in gastric glands that produce hormones
g. Controls passage of bolus from esophagus to stomach
h. Controls passage of stomach contents to duodenum
Multiple Choice
During the intestinal phase of gastric regulation, __________.
Open Question
Which of the following occurs/occur during the cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion?

a. Stimulation of gastrin and histamine release
b. Direct stimulation of parietal cells
c. Inhibition of somatostatin release
d. Both a and b are correct.
e. All of the above are correct.
Multiple Choice
Within the gastric glands, which cells would you expect to find closest to the gastric pits?
Multiple Choice
Mixing of the chyme with gastric juice is achieved via: