23. The Digestive System

The Stomach

Open Question
Nutritionists have found that after a heavy meal, the pH of blood increases slightly, especially in the veins that carry blood away from the stomach. What causes this increase in blood pH?
Multiple Choice
Which of the following cells produce pepsinogen?
Open Question
The lamina propria forms part of thea. muscularis externa,b. submucosa,c. serosa,d. mucosa.
Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements about chemical digestion in the stomach are correct:
I. Lipid digestion is begun by enzymes known as lipases.
II. HCl is breaks starches into component monosaccharides.
III. Proteins are denatured by the protein pepsin.
Open Question
Match the following terms with the correct definition.

____Chief cells
____Parietal cells
____Gastrin
____Pyloric sphincter
____Diffuse neuroendocrine (DNES) cells
____Gastroesophageal sphincter
____Pepsin
____Chyme

a. Hormone that stimulates multiple digestive processes
b. Enzyme that begins protein digestion
c. Produce acid and intrinsic factor
d. Liquid produced as a result of stomach churning
e. Produce pepsinogen
f. Cells in gastric glands that produce hormones
g. Controls passage of bolus from esophagus to stomach
h. Controls passage of stomach contents to duodenum
Multiple Choice
During the intestinal phase of gastric regulation, __________.
Open Question
Which of the following occurs/occur during the cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion?

a. Stimulation of gastrin and histamine release
b. Direct stimulation of parietal cells
c. Inhibition of somatostatin release
d. Both a and b are correct.
e. All of the above are correct.
Multiple Choice
Within the gastric glands, which cells would you expect to find closest to the gastric pits?
Multiple Choice
Mixing of the chyme with gastric juice is achieved via:
Multiple Choice
The increased concentration of HCO₃^– in blood draining from the stomach is called __________.
Multiple Choice
Rugae are formed by the two inner most layer of the stomach adjacent to the lumen when the stomach is empty. Knowing this, which stomach layers form the rugae?
Open Question
A young woman is put through an extensive battery of tests to determine the cause of her stomach pains. She is diagnosed with gastric ulcers. An antihistamine drug is prescribed, and she is sent home. What is the mechanism of her medication? What life-threatening problems can result from a poorly managed ulcer? Why did the clinic doctor warn the woman not to take aspirin?
Open Question
A surgical procedure known as gastric bypass involves removing all or part of the stomach.

a. Ms. Anthony has undergone gastric bypass and her stomach has been removed entirely. She goes out to dinner and eats an extremely large meal. Explain what will happen in her small and large intestine following this meal.
Open Question
Someone has eaten a meal of buttered toast, cream, and eggs. Which of the following would you expect to happen?a. Compared to the period shortly after the meal, gastric motility and secretion of HCl decrease when the food reaches the duodenum;b. gastric motility increases even as the person is chewing the food (before swallowing);c. fat will be emulsified in the duodenum by the action of bile;d. all of these.
Open Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. Smooth muscle of the stomach contracts when food enters from the esophagus.